Supernovae

No, the sun will not go supernova in the future. It is not massive enough to undergo a supernova event. Instead, it will eventually expand into a red giant and then shed its outer layers to become a white dwarf.

A star must have at least 8 times the mass of the Sun in order to undergo a supernova explosion at the end of its life cycle. This is because stars need to have enough mass to generate the tremendous pressure and temperature required for a supernova to occur.

Yes, there is a movie called "Supernova." It is a science fiction film that follows a crew on a spaceship as they encounter a mysterious alien artifact. Released in 2020, the movie stars Colin Firth and Stanley Tucci.

If the Sun were to undergo a supernova event, it would result in the complete destruction of the Sun, leaving behind either a neutron star or a black hole, depending on its mass. The explosion would release an immense amount of energy and radiation, potentially causing significant damage to Earth and any nearby celestial bodies. However, the Sun is not massive enough to end its life cycle in a supernova; it will eventually become a white dwarf.

No, stars less massive than the Sun do not have enough mass to undergo a supernova explosion. Instead, they may end their lives as a white dwarf or, if they are even less massive, a planetary nebula. Supernovae are events associated with more massive stars.

No, Mercury is too close to the sun and would be vaporized in the event of a supernova. The extreme heat and radiation from a supernova would completely destroy the planet.

After the supernova of a red giant, remnants such as a neutron star or a black hole can form, depending on the mass of the original star. If the star was especially massive, it may also result in a supermassive black hole or a hypernova explosion.

Yes, the first neutron star was observed in a supernova remnant. The object, named PSR B1919+21, was discovered in 1967 in the Crab Nebula, the remnant of a supernova that exploded in the year 1054 AD.

The formation of new stars can be triggered by the shock waves and turbulence generated by supernovas, which compress gas and dust, leading to new star formation. Planetary nebulae are formed from the outer layers of certain types of stars when they reach the end of their life cycle. These nebulae can enrich the surrounding interstellar medium with elements necessary for forming new stars.

Supernovas release a wide range of electromagnetic radiation, including visible light, X-rays, and radio waves. This emission is a result of the intense energy and heat created during the explosion of a star.

The supernova trigger model proposes that the explosion of a white dwarf in a binary star system can be triggered by the accretion of material from its companion star. As the white dwarf gains mass, it eventually reaches a critical limit, known as the Chandrasekhar limit, leading to a runaway nuclear fusion reaction and resulting in a supernova explosion.

That depends entirely on how far the supernova is from Earth. If it is our Sun going supernova, a little over 8 minutes. And a few Milli-seconds later all life on Earth would be gone. Any other star, it would just appear slightly brighter for a while and then disappear. It could take centuries for the light to reach us.

Supernovae can occur at varying distances from the Sun, ranging from hundreds to thousands of light-years away. When a supernova occurs within our Milky Way galaxy, it can typically be tens to hundreds of light-years away. However, there are some exceptionally bright supernovae that can be observed even at greater distances.

Supernovae play a crucial role in the creation of heavy elements, including those necessary for life, such as iron and oxygen. These elements are released into the universe during the explosive death of massive stars, enriching the surrounding gas clouds from which new stars and planets, like Earth, can form. Supernovae also generate powerful shock waves that can trigger the formation of new stars and influence the evolution of galaxies.

A Type II supernova results from the rapid collapse and violent explosion of a massive red supergiant star.

A star must have an initial mass of roughly at least 8 times (and no more than 40-50 times) the mass of the Sun for this type of explosion.

The star produces a massive core of iron by a series of nuclear fusion reactions.

Iron cannot be used to produce more energy and the core collapses under gravity. The energy released in this gravitational collapse is the cause of the explosion.

Also there is the presence of hydrogen in the composition of the spectrum. Finally, this type of supernova is seen only in the spiral arms of galaxies and in H II galaxies, but not in elliptical galaxies.

A neutron star or a pulsar, or a black hole.

In a supernova explosion, heavy elements (metals) such as iron, nickel, gold, and uranium are created through nucleosynthesis. These elements are formed from the fusion of lighter elements under extreme temperature and pressure conditions during the explosive event.

A supernova occurs when a massive star reaches the end of its life cycle and undergoes a catastrophic explosion. This explosion can outshine an entire galaxy for a brief period of time before fading away.

Supernova clusters are regions within galaxies where multiple supernova explosions have occurred relatively close to each other in space and time. These clusters provide valuable insights into the life cycle of massive stars and the impact of supernova explosions on their surrounding environment. A well-known example is the Cygnus Loop in the constellation Cygnus, which is a supernova remnant created by a cluster of supernova explosions.

This certainly would be a spectacular celestial event.

A lot would depend on the relative sizes and masses of the two objects - generally speaking a black hole, particularly the commonest type, the stellar mass black holes, are pinpricks in size by comparison to a star - let alone a supernova. It would also depend on the speed and "aim" of the collision - remember not only mass would be preserved but relative angular momentum. Gravitational interactions with a near miss would mean a mutual orbit around a common center of gravity with the heavier object occupying a near orbit with the lighter object, in this case a steady stream of matter from the supernova spiraling into the black hole. If the collision was more direct, all matter immediately in the path of the black hole's event horizon would fall in and be consumed by the black hole, and the remainder would eventually be subsumed into the black hole's accretion disk - remembering the preservation of angular momentum initially it would be very lop-sided and 'messy' but due to gravitational effects and the nature of matter in orbits it would eventually settle down and become planar. In either case, tidal effects would cause an apparent elongation (spaghettification) of the supernova in the direction of the gravitational pull of the black hole.

At the moment of collision likely significant amounts of matter (depending on the relative collision speed) would be flung out into space; almost all matter within the photon sphere of the black hole not traveling at relativistic speeds away from the black hole would already be occupying a path which would end up intersecting the black hole.

The black hole would also gain in size in direct proportion to the mass it consumed - but the pull it exerted would be no greater per unit mass than that of the supernova - in other words the expanding envelope of matter, particles, gas, or anything else from the supernova would no more get suddenly sucked back into the black hole by virtue of the fact that it is a black hole, than it would from the effects of the mass of the supernova; but having said that, the increase in mass that the presence of the black hole introduces would mean any outward expanding matter during the supernova's explosion would now be subject to a greater inhibiting pull on its expansion, or in other words would be expanding "up" a steeper gravitational gradient.

If the black hole was supermassive and significantly larger than the supernova there would be no question as to the winner of the direct collision - the supernova would be consumed. Tidal force would not spaghettify it significantly, an observer at the supernova might see the approach of a bright ring with a black center, and some redshifting in background stars owing to acceleration as it fell inwards; an observer some distance away, owing to relativistic effects (time dilation) might see the supernova appear to slow down and almost stop with a similar redshifting into invisibility as the light near the event horizon had to climb the black hole's gravitational gradient (per the Special Theory). For a rapidly spinning black hole, frame dragging effects would further distort the infalling matter.

Some other scenarios are conceivable. If the black hole were microscopic and traveling at relativistic speeds, its effect even with a direct hit on the center of the supernova might be barely noticeable and could potentially produce nothing more than a thin streamer of gas as it egressed the supernova somewhat like if a small bullet was to be shot through a large spherical wad of dust.

It depends on the mass of the star. When massive stars die the result is usually an enormous explosion called a supernova, but the core will collapse to form a dense remnant. If the remnant is less than 3 times the mass of the sun then it will form a neutron star. If it is greater than 3 times the mass of the sun it will form a black hole. Extremely massive stars may collapse directly into a black hole with no supernova.

1. Power off the Nova by holding the power button for two seconds until you see "Power Off" on the screen. Choose the "power off" option and then press the "Ok" button. Let the device completely power down before you continue with the next steps. At this time also remove any SD card you might have inserted into the device.

2. Press and hold the volume + button. While still holding this button, press down on the power button. You will then see a screen that says Pandigital. This is the boot screen.

3. After the device boots up you will go to a black screen with triangle, press volume + button and the power button. What should come up is a screen with blue text, this is the system recovery screen. While on the system recovery screen, press the volume - button until "wipe data and cache" is highlighted. Press the power button to select this option

4. Press the volume - button until "Yes -- delete all user data" is highlighted. Press the power button to select this option.

5. The device will reformat and return to the system recovery screen.

6. "Reboot system now" should be highlighted by default. Press the power button to select this option. (this is directly from pandigital customer service)

There is no evidence, but the chances are very high. The explosive force of a supernova is enough to destroy a close planet or expel it into outer space.

Even if it did not, the loss of mass would force any planet into a much greater orbit.

Anywhere there are massive stars. They are relatively rare events but many have been observed since records began. The first observed Supernova was in 185 in Centaurus and was almost as bright as the moon.

Our closest candidate is IK Pegasi located at a distance of only 150 light years.

No, the sun does not have enough mass to end its life in a supernova explosion. Instead, it will eventually expand into a red giant and then shed its outer layers to form a planetary nebula, leaving behind a small, dense core called a white dwarf. This process will happen in about 5 billion years.