The Solar System

One of the discoveries was that the orbits of the planets are elliptical, not circular as previously thought. This was proposed by Johannes Kepler in the early 17th century based on the observations of Tycho Brahe.

Stars' brightness can affect the temperature and conditions in other parts of the solar system. For example, variations in a star's brightness can impact the amount of heat and radiation received by planets, moons, and other objects. This can lead to changes in atmospheres, weather patterns, and surface conditions on celestial bodies within the solar system.

The Inner Planets are also known as the terrestrial planets or rocky planets. They include Mercury, Venus, Earth, and Mars, and are characterized by their solid surfaces and relatively small sizes compared to the outer gas giants.

Planets in our solar system vary in appearance. For example, Mercury and Mars have rocky surfaces with craters, while Jupiter and Saturn are giant gas planets with swirling cloud bands. Venus is shrouded in thick clouds, and Earth has a diverse surface with oceans, continents, and an atmosphere. Each planet has unique features that make them distinct.

Venus is the planet closest to Earth in terms of distance. It is often referred to as Earth's "sister planet" because of their similar size and composition.

By "size" do you mean its diameter (at equator) or its mass? (radius below is half the diameter) Planet radius mass "Mercury" 2439 3.30E+23 "Venus" 6052 4.87E+24 "Earth" 6378 5.98E+24 "Mars" 3398 6.42E+23 "Jupiter" 71492 1.90E+27 "Saturn" 60268 5.69E+26 "Uranus" 25559 8.69E+25 "Neptune" 24764 1.02E+26 "Pluto" 1160 1.32E+22 (technically no longer a planet ;-) So Venus is 95% the radius and 81% of the mass of Earth Compare that to Mars at 53% radius and 11% of the mass of Earth Neptune is 97% the radius and 117% the mass of Uranus. Saturn is 84% the radius and 30% the mass of Jupiter. So I'd say Neptune and Uranus.

Mercury's axis tilt is 0°.

Venus' axis tilt is 177.4° (or 2.60, depending on "north pole" definition).

Earth's axis tilt is 23.5°.

Mars' axis tilt is 25.2°.

Jupiter's axis tilt is 3.1°.

Saturn's axis tilt is 25.3°.

Uranus' axis tilt is 97.8°.

Neptune's axis tilt is 28.8°.

Dwarf planet Pluto's axis tilt is 122.5°.

Since Pluto is now a dwarf planet, the last planet is now Neptune.

The most recent planetary discovery occurred in 1930; the newly discovered body was named "Pluto". Since then, it has completed about 1/3rd of a revolution in its orbit around the sun.

Nobody can say with certainty that Pluto is the 'last' planet, only that it is the one most recently discovered, the one at the largest known average distance from the sun, and the one with the longest known orbital period.

So far....

If the arrangement of planets in the solar system were to reverse suddenly, it would likely have catastrophic consequences for the stability and orbits of the planets. Gravity and orbital dynamics are finely balanced in our solar system, so a sudden reversal could lead to collision or ejection of planets from their orbits, resulting in significant disruptions to the entire system.

Neptune is known as the windy planet because it has the fastest winds in the solar system, reaching speeds of up to 1,300 miles per hour. These winds whip around the planet due to its fast rotation and its icy atmosphere.

Voyager 1 and 2 were launched in 1977, and explored the outer planets during the 70's and 80's. They are still partially operational today, on their way out of our solar system. Voyager 1 is the most distant man made object to date, currently around 116 astronomical units from earth.

No satellites are known to orbit Mercury or Venus.

Although this question is controversial, scientists have found somewhat more ammonia, water, sulfur dioxide, and many other nitrates and hydrocarbons to be found in the outer solar system. Here's my theory. Such compounds tend to break down at higher temperatures and have high vapor pressures at low temperatures. Either solar wind gets to these compounds and breaks them into their elements or their isn't enough atmospheric pressure and gravity to keep them from drifting into space as they become gasses. Earth and Venus somewhat (although mainly CO2, Sulfur Dioxide and sulfuric acid) are exceptions because they have at least one of these : sufficient gravity , sufficient magnetic fields to keep solar wind out, and/or enough atmospheric pressure so that the molecules will keep an affinity for each other and solar wind will not blast it into space. Earth and Venus are not known to have as much because in theory, in the creation of the solar system, many of these molecules were destroyed and we never gained them back. However in the outer solar system, the elements in the original nebula were warm enough to react after a previous star supernovaed but when the sun formed these compound cooled very quickly and many of these bodies in the outer solar system were affected by solar wind. Mostly, these compounds stayed locked up in many solid objects at any where from 20 K to 100 K which is substantially cold and they are extremely stable solids. The reason we see them appear as liquids and gasses at some point is because of either inter-tidal forces between the gas giants and these small bodies, or one tends to be exposed to a more intense sun on an elliptical path into the more inner solar system. Basically to sum it up, these compounds are more stable where it is colder and their is higher atmospheric pressure and their is less solar radiation.

Each of the planets, moons and asteroids are actually moving fairly quickly. The Earth, for example, has an orbital speed of a little upwards of 66,000 miles per hour.

Without gravity to keep things orbiting, everything would continue in a straight line straight out into space.

Mars, because of the red dust, sometimes you can even see it without equipment.

Earth is the strongest planet in the solar system

It is hard to identify one specific coldest stop in the solar system. Many places approach absolute zero, such as permanently shadowed craters on the Moon's poles, many moons of Neptune and Uranus, and most Kuiper belt objects beyond Neptune.

Planet mercury had the most extreme temperatures since it locate very near to sun and had no atmosphere so it don't have green house effect to normalize the temperature. Lowest temperature is -183oC on the side face out the sun to 427 oC on the side that facing the sun.

It caused such an alarm because the teaching of the geocentric theory (theory that the Earth is in the center of the universe rather than the Sun) was in the Bible, and therefore God's word, and if people thought the heliocentric (theory that the Sun is in the center of the universe rather than the Earth) they could either a) go against God's word and be punished or b) turn away from the church for being incorrect about this, ultimately leaving the Church with no money and no people. I believe Nicolaus Copernicus proposed this theory first.

If by order you mean what order are the planets in, than I can help.

The order of the planets is decided by the distance the planets are away from the sun. The planet that is the closest to the sun (Mercury) is reguared as the plaet first in order as its orbit is closest to what we believe may be the centre of our Galaxy.

The order is as follows (For extra info I have added the distance away from teh sun each planet is):

1. Mercury (57 milllion kilometres)

2. Venus (108 million kilometres)

3. Earth (150 million kilometres)

4. Mars (228 million kilometres)

5. Jupiter (779 million kilometres)

6. Saturn ( 1.43 billion kilometres)

7. Uranus (2.88 billion kilometres)

8. Neptune (4.5 billion kilomteres)

9. Pluto (5.91 billion kilometres)

NOTE: Sometimes Pluto isn't identified as a planet. It can also be known as a dwarf or mino planet.

NOTE: During Neptunes orbit, it goes outside of Pluto's meaning that every few thousand years, Neptune is further away than Pluto, but for a majority, Neptune is closer.

NOTE: The distance away is based on the average distance.

Not sure what your level is; this may not be appropriate. You can make a pin-hole projector and actually project an image of the sun onto a piece of cardboard. If you do it right, you can get an image that is large enough so that sunspots may even be visible! You could also have classmates do an actual estimate of the diameter of the sun (or you could explain how you did it with your projector). If you carefully measure the distance between the pinhole and the surface you project the sun's image onto, and then carefully measure the diameter of the image right at that distance, you can do something interesting. The proportion of the 2 lengths is the same, no matter how big the distance gets. Can you see how you would "measure" the diameter of the sun this way? By the way, never, never, never look directly into the sun.

There are comparative photos of the planets of the solar system at the link below.

Voyager 1 took a series of photographs from "outside" the solar system, but at that distance all the planets were tiny indistinct dots of light.

There are two known planet to be similar to planet earth. The planets are located in other galaxies and about 1200 light years away fro earth. The names of the planets are Kepler 62e and Kepler 62f. Both of the planets have oceans, their own star, and seem to have the qualities to support life like earth.