Unix

Windows uses a character sequence to indicate the of a line, which is usually a carriage return - line feed sequence. This is two characters for the end of every line. You might see a sequence of x'0D0A' characters to end a line in Windows.

UNIX uses the concept of a 'newline', which is a single character (usually a X'0A' character) to indicate the end of a line.

It generally refers to setting the text that will appear when the shell prompt is asking the user to type in a command, meaning, the shell needs work to do. The standard prompt in most shell environments is a single character, such as '#', '$', or '%'. By setting the prompt you can customize what appears when the system is idle and wants you to type in a command to do something.

Bell Labs, was the person who created UNIX.

Shared web hosting is what most people mean when they refer to "web hosting". It simply meas that many customer's websites reside on a single web server, and that the server's resources (CPU and RAM) are shared among every customer account on the machine.

The boot block of any OS contains the initial loading sequence of the Operating System. It starts the process of bringing into memory the first part of the Operating System which in turn brings the rest of it in for the entire boot process.

This is known as bootstrapping the Operating System.

Use the command:

ps -u jtaylor

gedit is a visual editor that can only be used in a graphical desktop environment. 'vi' is a standard and can be used in a terminal window without resorting to a desktop environment.

A source file is typically a readable, Ascii file, that is not the result of a compiler or translator to binary machine code.

Avogadro's number is a constant. Therefore only one number is equal to Avogadro's number.

It lists the contents of several ipc queues, including semaphores, shared memory segments, etc. It can also remove items from these queues.

A zombie process is a process that completed execution but still in process table. When a process ends, all of the memory and resources associated with it are deallocated so they can be used by other processes. However, the process's entry in the process table remains. The parent can read the child's exit status by executing the wait system call, at which stage the zombie is removed After the zombie is removed, its process ID and entry in the process table can then be reused. However, if a parent fails to call wait, the zombie will be left in the process table. In some situations this may be desirable, for example if the parent creates another child process it ensures that it will not be allocated the same process ID.

The most reasonable answer to this question can be applied to all systems; any port that is not being used should be closed. Any open ports that have listening programs should be audited for vulnerabilities.

The a default Unix shell is the shell that comes with and is activated initially with your distribution of Unix. The shell is essentially the program the runs the command line interface allowing someone to interact with their computer. Some examples are the Bourne-Again shell (bash) or the Bourne shell (sh).

Unix work is performed by users of the unix system, for application and system programs, or anything that requires a Unix system.

Assuming you had a file called 'file' in the current working directory it would try to guess what type of file it is, based on its contents.

A shell program is called a command processor because it has to process commands according to what the user wishes to do. Along with executing commands as specified by the user it also has its own programming language and can be instructed to do things programmatically.

There is one general command for the UNIX (actual UNIX not Linux) which will yield which port is being used by what service: lsof -i

For Linux it is: netstat

For more information for either command, please see these sources:

lsof http://www-uxsup.csx.cam.ac.UK/security/lsof.HTML

netstat http://www-uxsup.csx.cam.ac.UK/security/netstat.HTML

Additional :

'netstat' is a standard tcp/ip utility, so it will work on all platforms using tcp/ip, including windows.

You use the 'chown' command. You must be the owner of the file to do this or the super-user to change ownership.

Not sure what you mean by enter a file; you could use an editor, such as vi, emacs, nano, pine, etc. to edit it.

an extensioin of indexed allocation

A zombie (or defunct) process is one that has ended but for whatever reason the process information has not been removed from the process table. No code or data segments are allocated to the process anymore but the system has not removed it from the process list, so it appears to be still in the system (but isn't because it doesn't have any resources).

In the past the only way to get rid of zombie processes was to reboot the system to restore the system proc table. It is possible to try and get a parent process to execute a 'wait' system call to try and remove it - see related links.

An internal command is one that is built in to the shell interpreter and is likely to be used quite a bit.

An external command is a file in a directory that can be searched, loaded, and executed.

The reason for having internal commands is for performance; it takes a lot less time to have the shell just execute the given internal command than it would take to find it on the system, load it into memory, and then execute it.

AIX is the commercial Unix product produced by IBM. Since it is a server system, you could use it for anything that would require server services, such as Internet services, web services, e-mail services, file services, etc.

AIX in a server mode is no different than other servers in terms of offering resources to be used by other clients.