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Unix

Unix is a family of operating systems primarily designed for servers, mainframes, and high-end workstations. First created in 1969, Unix systems are renowned for their security and stability.

1,127 Questions

What is the difference between the cat and more commands in Unix?

Both the 'more' and the 'cat' commands will list the contents of one or more files. In that case, the main difference between the two commands is that 'more' is a 'pager' program, meaning that it stops at the end of every page and waits for the user. The 'cat' command will list everything in the file without stopping.

One other thing that 'cat' does that 'more' does not is to concatenate (add/merge) files together. 'more' is not designed to do that.

Lastly, some versions of 'more' can traverse a file forwards and backwards and have simple searching capabilities, which 'cat' does not.

What is the latest version of Linux Mint?

There is no one "current Linux operating system" due to the fact that Linux is developed and distributed in various forms by many different individuals and corporations. The current version of Linux depends on which of these "distributions" you are interested in installing.

For example, a popular distribution of Linux tailored for use as a Desktop system is Ubuntu (www.ubuntu.com), which is distributed by the company Canonical. The current release of Ubuntu is 8.04, which was released in April this year.

There are literally hundreds of distributions freely available online, but other distributions which are of note in the desktop arena include Fedora (www.fedoraproject.org), openSUSE (www.opensuse.org) and Debian (www.debian.org), each of which have their own advantages and disadvantages. Each distribution has its own release schedule, but you can find out what the current version is (and download it) from the official websites.

What is the difference between Sun Solaris and OpenSolaris?

Windows XP is a proprietary operating system from Microsoft while Solaris is a highly scalable UNIX operating system from Sun Microsystems. Solaris runs on SPARC-based and x86-based hardware. Although Solaris was originally developed as proprietary software most of it is now open source and can be downloaded for free.

What are the advantages to Unix hosting?

-It's super secure

-It's fast

-It's stable

-Significantly less risk of getting a virus/trojan

-It's very customizable

-Most Linux distributions don't take much of memory.

What is the purpose of the more parameter at the end of the command line?

The command, help xcopy |more, List information one screen at a time when using a command line to get help about a command line

I believe the author of this is question is referencing question #28 on Reviewing the Basics for Chapter 13 of 'Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC' 7th Edition by Jean Andrews.

Answer I came up with:

The parameter |more, when used with other commands, requires the user to respond to a prompt at the end of a fully displayed screen of text that signals the next line of text to be displayed to the user.

Write a unix program for Fibonacci?

fibo()

{

num=${1:-100}

n2=1

n1=0

while n=$(( $n1 + $n2 )); [ $n -le $num ]

do

printf "%d " "$n"

n1=$n2

n2=$n

done

echo

}

## The loop continues until the user enters a valid number

while :

do

printf "Enter a number: "

read number

case $number in

*[!0-9]* | "") printf "\a*** Invalid number ***\n" >&2 ;;

*) break ;;

esac

done

fibo "$number"

Which are the various available versions of UNIX?

According to their website, there are exactly 30 versions in existence.

http://www.unix.com/unix-dummies-questions-answers/28637-versions-unix.html


There are many different versions of UNIX. Until a few years ago, there were two main versions: the line of UNIX releases that started at AT&T (the latest is System V Release 4), and another line from the University of California at Berkeley (the latest version is BSD 4.4). Some other major commercial versions include SunOS, Solaris, SCO UNIX, AIX, HP/UX, and ULTRIX. The freely available versions include Linux and FreeBSD.

Many versions of UNIX, including System V Release 4, merge earlier AT&T releases with BSD features. The recent POSIX standard for UNIX-like operating systems defines a single interface to UNIX. Advanced features differ among systems.

Most versions of UNIX can also work with window systems, which allow each user to have more than one "terminal" on a single display.

When might a chroot not work?

When a copy of "su" is not installed in the jail. The "su" command is required to to rin programs as a user other then "root." However since "root" can break out of the jail, it is necessary that you run a programs in the chroot jail as a user other then "root."

Why unix is the best operating system than other operating system?

There is no way to answer this question in sufficient detail. "Unix" is a term for a variety of operating systems, many of which have only a few features in common. And with a variety of operating systems on the market, there may or may not be differences between them and "Unix" in selected areas.

What is single user single process?

The single user process is the environment that only 1 user may log into and use the system. Typically this is for the administrator account and is used only in recovery situations. It is vaguely similar to "safe mode" in Windows.

For loop syntax in unix?

For loop can be used in following Ways:- Syntax: for var in list do commands done where list is basically the list of the values u want to traverse on, consider an example: suppose u want to display ur name 10 times we ca use for loop as: for var in 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 do echo "$name" done OR for var in {1 .. 10} do echo "$name" done OR the best way(analogous to c) for (( i = 0; i <= 10; i++) do echo "$name" done

How UNIX system calls work?

A "System Call" is used for the purpose of accomplishing a privileged task for a user by the operating system since the user cannot directly get access to the file system, hardware, etc.

The exact methodology is described in any standard Operating Systems textbook and the discussion of how it works is beyond the scope of this web site.

What is the SDLC process?

The Software Development Lifecycle (SDLC) is a conceptual model used in project management that describes the stages involved in an information system development project, from an initial feasibility study through maintenance of the completed application.

What is the Unix file system?

There are four types of file in unix

Ordinary files

Directory files

Special files

Links

Ordinary files can contain text, data, or program information. An ordinary file cannot

contain another file, or directory. An ordinary file can be a text file or a binary file. A text file contains

lines of printable characters where every line is terminated with a newline character. A binary file can

contain any of the ASCII characters. Most of the UNIX commands are binary files

Directory files: Directories are containers that can hold files, and other directories. A directory is

actually implemented as a file that has one line for each item contained within the directory. Each line in

a directory file contains only the name of the item, and a numerical reference to the location of the item.

The reference is called an i-number, and is an index to a table known as the i-list. The i-list is a complete

list of all the storage space available to the file system.

Special files Special files represent input/output (i/o) devices, like a tty (terminal), a disk drive, or a

printer. Because UNIX treats such devices as files, some of the commands used to access ordinary files

will also work with device files. This allows for more efficient use of software. Special files can be either

character special files, that deal with streams of characters, or block special files, that operate on larger

blocks of data. Typical block sizes are 512 bytes, 1024 bytes, and 2048 bytes.

Links A link is a pointer to another file. Since a directory is a list of the names and i-numbers of

files, a directory entry can be a hard link, in which the i-number points directly to another file. A hard link

to a file cannot be distinguished from the file itself. When a hard link is made, then the i-numbers of two

different directory file entries point to the same inode. Hence, hard links cannot span across file systems.

A soft link or a symbolic link provides an indirect pointer to a file. A soft link is implemented as a directory

file entry containing a pathname. Soft links are distinguishable from files, and can span across file systems.

Soft links are not supported in all versions of UNIX.

(mihir)

How do you created a directory or a file?

What are you refering to?

If you are refering to windows. Just right click in the folder you want to create the directory/file, click "new" then choose what you want to create.

What does UNIX and Linux offer that Window does not?

The Linux kernel offers the user a host of operating systems that are free and can be copied and distributed as much as you like. Known genetically as 'Open Source' and, often small group or community maintained, you can freely try out a variety of distributions. All this without having to register to get a licence as you would need to do if using propriety MS Windows.

What do you mean by shell and shell scripts?

Shell scripts are interpreted files that contain commands and logic sequences to do things. They are similar to programs in that they contain logic and sequencing, and call other programs to accomplish tasks.

You use shell scripts to automate tasks in Unix, run tasks periodically, create repeatable tasks, etc.

Write a program that read 10 numbers from the user and display their sum?

#include<stdio.h>

void main()

{

int num, sum=0, i;

printf("Enter ten numbers: \n");

for(i=0;i<10;i++)

{

scanf("%d",&num);

sum += num;

}

printf("\n The sum of the numbers is %d",sum);

getchar();

}

What is kernel and shell in unix?

The kernel The kernel is the hub of the operating system: it allocates time and memory to programs and handles the filestore and communications in response to system calls. The shell The shell acts as an interface between the user and the kernel. When a user logs in, the login program checks the username and password, and then starts another program called the shell.

What is the difference between UNIX and AS400?

The AS/400 is a specific piece of hardware manufactured by IBM corporation. It runs its own operating system. Unix is the designation for an Operating System and runs on multiple hardware.

To my knowledge the AS/400 does not run any version of Unix.

How do you write a full program to find factors of given number in UNIX shell programming?

echo "Enter a number: "

read num

i=2

res=1

if [ $num -ge 2 ]

then

while [ $i -le $num ]

do

res=`expr $res \* $i`

i=`expr $i + 1`

done

fi

echo "Factorial of $num = $res" v

Describe the shell treatment of command line in unix operating system?

The shell's treatment of the command line :
  1. PARSING.
  2. VARIABLE EVALUATION.
  3. COMMAND SUBSTITUTION.
  4. REDIRECTION.
  5. WILD-CARD INTERPRETATION
  6. PATH EVALUATION.

Is unix a part of operating system?

No: Linux is a general purpose operating system, and it has a windows system as well.

Yes: Linux looks like a window operating system to the uninitiated.

A comparative study between Unix and Windows operating system?

This is too general a question to be able to answer in a wiki format. Please be more specific.