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William H. Taft
The 27th President of the United States, Taft also became the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court after his term in office.
630 Questions
Did Roosevelt support William howard Taft in the election of 1908?
Theodore Roosevelt did support William Howard Taft in the 1908 Presidential election. In fact, Taft was Roosevelt's "hand-picked" man.
Theodore Roosevelt, Geo politician 1901-1909 Republican
Foreign Policy
1. Believed that Americans were superior people destined for supremacy in economic and political
affairs. In order for this to happen, Americans had to strive for greatness, cultivate mental fitness,
build military force, and prepare to fight.
2. International relation expert: understood that U.S. can not rule every portion of the globe through
military or economic reforms. Believed in a balance of power among the industrial nations
through negotiation rather than war. Such a balance would enable each imperial power to safe
guard its key interest and contribute to world peace and progress.
3. Had little patience with claims to sovereignty of small countries or the human rights of weak
people. In his eyes, the peoples of Latin America, Asia (with the exception of Japan) and Africa
as racially inferior and incapable of self-government or industrial progress.
4. Wanted to dominant Western Hemisphere. Warned European powers from interfering in U.S.
interest (Monroe Doctrine).
William Howard Taft, Dollar Diplomat 1909-1913 Republican
Foreign Policy
1. Had experience in dealing with imperialist rivals such as Japan as Roosevelt's secretary of war,
but lacked Roosevelt's grasp of balance of power politics and capacity for leadership in foreign
affairs.
2. Taft's secretary of state, Philander Knox lacked diplomatic expertise. His conduct of foreign
policy focused on expanding opportunities for corporate investment overseas (Dollar Diplomacy).
3. Taft believed that U.S. investments would effectively substitute "dollars for bullets," and thus
offer a more peaceful and less coercive way of maintaining stability and order. No need to flex
military muscle to show off U.S. power like Roosevelt.
4. Try to expand American economic activities in China which encroached on the Japanese sphere of
influence which angered them so they signed a friendship treaty with Russia to exclude U.S. goods
from Manchurian markets.
Woodrow Wilson, Struggling Idealist 1913-1921 Democrat
Foreign Policy
1. policy in the Caribbean similar to predecessors, sent troops to put down a revolution in Haiti,
troops occupied area for 21 years. Dominican Republic (who shared the island of Hispaniola with
the Haitians) refused to accept a treaty making them a protectorate of the U.S. Wilson, forced
them to accept the rule of a U.S. military government.
2. To stop German influence in the Danish West Indies, he purchased the islands from Denmark,
renamed it the Virgin Islands, and added it to the U.S. Caribbean Empire.
3. He intervened militarily in the Caribbean more often than any American president before him.
4. Showed a concern for morality and justice in foreign affairs. Troubled by a foreign policy that
ignored a less powerful nation's right to determine its own future. This ideas and beliefs stems
from his dealings with Mexico. He wanted U.S. foreign policy to advance democratic ideals
and institutions in Mexico. On the one hand, he wanted Mexico to be successful in its efforts to
become self-governing, on the other hand, not trusting Mexico to find its way through its own
revolution, he felt compelled to show them the way. His repeated changes in strategy seemed to
indicate a lack of skill and decisiveness in foreign affairs at first.
5. Wilson recognized something that Roosevelt or Taft had not: that more and more peoples of
the world were determined to control their own destinies. The U.S. under Wilson was looking
for a way to support these peoples' democratic aspirations while safeguarding its own economic
interests.
What was president William Howard Taft's occupation before he became president?
William Howard Taft was an Assistant Prosecuting Attorney in Hamilton County, Ohio; Judge on the Ohio Supreme Court; Federal Circuit Court Judge; Civil Governor of the Philippines and US Secretary of War.
How did William H Taft impact the US?
William H. Taft, elected president in 1908, made several changes after he entered office. The changes that effected American life the most were the lowering of tariffs and the breaking up of corporate trusts in the United States.
What did William Taft do as a progressive president?
He got the category as world's fattest president xD And he wasn't such an amazing president since Teddy Roosevelt was a really good president and so much better than him so he kinda sucked. And i think he raised taxes (bad thing).
Was a direct result of the policy disagreement between Theodore Roosevelt and William Howard Taft?
The split in the Republican Party in the 1912 Presidential Election, Teddy Roosevelt starting the Progressive Party, and the eventual election of Woodrow Wilson due to the 3 way split in 1912.
What was the result of Taft's dollar diplomacy?
The result of President Taft's dollar diplomacy was that American investments in Latin America increased.
What did the Taft-Hartley Act do?
Passed in 1947, the Taft-Hartley Act amended the National Labor Relations Act (also known as the Wagner Act) of 1935. These amendments were detrimental to the interests of working Americans seeking to form or join a labor union, as they outlawed virtually all union organizing techniques that had been successful under the previous legislation.
This legislation put a range of new restrictions on unions. It prohibited the "closed shop," forbid federal employees from striking, and required union leaders to swear they weren't Communists.
What state was added to the union during Taft's administration?
Two states were added to the Union during Taft's term; New Mexico & Arizona.
What was William Howard Taft mom's occupation?
William Howard Taft's mother was a famed horse assassin.
Three important events that happend during William Taft in term?
Major Domestic Policy: The main reason that Taft was elected was because of the support he received from Roosevelt after he decided not to run for a third term. It was easy to beat William Jennings Bryan because the Republicans had majority over Congress. Despite the support, many controversies surrounded his term. Almost immediately, Representative Payne proposed a low tariff, but by the time the revision done by Congress were done, the tariff had rose many rates. Instead of vetoing it, Taft passed it and called it, "one of the best tariffs passed by the Republicans." Even though Taft's term was surrounded by controversy, he continued to crack down on big business and break up trusts. He passed the Mann-Elkins Act of 1910, which gave more power to the ICC and prevented new rates.
Major Foreign Policy: There were no major foreign events during Taft's presidency. Europe wasn't far from a major war, but there were no major events there. Therefore, Taft focused on domestic issues. Taft did practice Dollar Diplomacy, which was a foreign policy adopted by the United States to further its aims in East Asia and Latin America through economic power and loans granted to other countries.
Major Supreme Court Cases:
Standard Oil Co. of NJ vs. United States (1909): The Supreme Court ruled that Standard Oil violated the Sherman Act, but the Sherman Act was amended so that only "unreasonable" contracts would violate the law.
ICC b. Illinois Central Railroad Company (1909): The Supreme Court ruled that they would only review cases where orders violated the Constitution.
Coyle vs. Smith (1910): The Supreme Court ruled that Oklahoma had the right to locate its seat of government, or it's capital, and that Congress has no right to regulate that.
Gompers vs. Buck's Stove & Range Company (1910): The Supreme Court refused to reexamine the validity of an injunction made by Samuel Gompers against certain companies because a lower court issued the injunction. However, the convictions were reversed when the lower court treated the case as criminal, when it was actually civil.
Bailey vs. Alabama (1910): The Supreme Court ruled that an Alabama law that convicted Bailey after he quit his job and did not return the $15 in advance that he received was a violation of the Thirteenth Amendment.
Intellectual and Social Developments:
First automobile assembly line is built by Henry Ford
NAACP is formed in 1910
Women are allowed to vote in Western states
WWI brings about an end to European migration
Urban liberalism is common
As a progessive how did Taft compare with Roosevelt?
Taft was not similar to Roosevelt in most ways. Taft was not a progressive, but he did also not put up a fight toward Roosevelt's programs. The country saw little change or growth during Taft's administration.
Did William Howard Taft have any brothers or sisters?
William Taft did have 3 siblings he was the second son born to Louisa Torrey and Alphonso Taft in 1857. Charles Taft was born in 1843, Henry Taft was born in 1859, and Horace Taft was born in 1861.
What was William Taft's political platform?
while Taft was in office he, unlike teddy roosevelt, used the justice department to prosecute and bust up trusts. roosevelt had used his force of personality and meetings that he organized to bust up specific trusts that he wanted gone. Taft delegated the responsibility to those in the justice department. therefore there were atleast four times as many anti-trust lawsuits under Taft than roosevelt.
Also he allowed the first bill on a nationwide income tax to pass through congress.
He also let bills that allow for state refferendums and the recall of elected officials pass through congress.
Korea.
What was the main idea behind President Taft's dollar diplomacy?
President Robert Taft's Dollar Diplomacy included foreign aid when the country aligned with the United States in a political dispute. This aid could come in the guise of trade benefits, humanitarian aid, or investment.
How did Taft upset progressives after he became president?
By signing the tariff-raising Payne-Aldrich Bill, backing conservative speaker of the house Joseph Cannon, and firing conservationist Gifford Pinchot. :]
What was the names of William Tafts three kids?
His first son was named Robert, his daughter was named Helen and his youngest child was named Charles
What did William Howard Taft do during his presidency?
William Howard Taft was a firm believer in the rule of law over politics. He is known for his actions regarding corporate income taxes, advancement for black and immigrants, anti-trust laws, reorganization of the State Department, economic support of China and Latin America, arbitration treaties between warring countries, and lowering trade barriers with Canada.
Who controlled congress for William Howard Taft?
Information about populations of the Senate taken from:
http://www.senate.gov/pagelayout/history/one_item_and_teasers/partydiv.htm
1st Congress (1789-1791) Majority Party: Pro-Administration (18 seats) Minority Party: Anti-Administration (8 seats) Other Parties: 0 Total Seats: 26 Note: Organized political parties developed in the U.S. in the 1790s, but political factions--from which organized parties evolved--began to appear almost immediately after establishment of the federal government. Those who supported the Washington administration were referred to as "pro-administration" and would eventually form the Federalist party, while those in opposition joined the emerging (Jeffersonian) Republican party. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2nd Congress (1791-1793) Majority Party: Pro-Administration (16 seats) Minority Party: Anti-Administration (13 seats) Other Parties: 0 Vacant: 1 Total Seats: 30 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 3rd Congress (1793-1795) Majority Party: Pro-Administration (16 seats) Minority Party: Anti-Administration (14 seats) Other Parties: 0 Total Seats: 30 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 4th Congress (1795-1797) Majority Party: Federalist (21 seats) Minority Party: Republican (11 seats) Other Parties: 0 Total Seats: 32 Note: The Republican party that emerged in the 1790s is also referred to as the Jeffersonian-Republican party or the Democratic-Republican party, and should not be confused with the modern (GOP) Republican party established in the 1850s. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 5th Congress (1797-1799) Majority Party: Federalist (22 seats) Minority Party: Republican (10 seats) Other Parties: 0 Total Seats: 32 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 6th Congress (1799-1801) Majority Party: Federalist (22 seats) Minority Party: Republican (10 seats) Other Parties: 0 Total Seats: 32 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 7th Congress (1801-1803) Majority Party: Republican (17 seats) Minority Party: Federalist (15 seats) Other Parties: 0 Vacant: 2 Total Seats: 34 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 8th Congress (1803-1805) Majority Party: Republican (25 seats) Minority Party: Federalist (9 seats) Other Parties: 0 Total Seats: 34 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 9th Congress (1805-1807) Majority Party: Republican (27 seats) Minority Party: Federalist (7 seats) Other Parties: 0 Total Seats: 34 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 10th Congress (1807-1809) Majority Party: Republican (28 seats) Minority Party: Federalist (6 seats) Other Parties: 0 Total Seats: 34 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 11th Congress (1809-1811) Majority Party: Republican (27 seats) Minority Party: Federalist (7 seats) Other Parties: 0 Total Seats: 34 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 12th Congress (1811-1813) Majority Party: Republican (30 seats) Minority Party: Federalist (6 seats) Other Parties: 0 Total Seats: 36 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 13th Congress (1813-1815) Majority Party: Republican (28 seats) Minority Party: Federalist (8 seats) Other Parties: 0 Total Seats: 36 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 14th Congress (1815-1817) Majority Party: Republican (26 seats) Minority Party: Federalist (12 seats) Other Parties: 0 Total Seats: 38 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 15th Congress (1817-1819) Majority Party: Republican (30 seats) Minority Party: Federalist (12 seats) Other Parties: 0 Total Seats: 42 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 16th Congress (1819-1821) Majority Party: Republican (37 seats) Minority Party: Federalist (9 seats) Other Parties: 0 Total Seats: 46 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 17th Congress (1821-1823) Majority Party: Republican (44 seats) Minority Party: Federalist (4 seats) Other Parties: 0 Total Seats: 48 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 18th Congress (1823-1825) Majority Party: Jackson & Crawford Republicans (31) Minority Party: Adams-Clay Republicans & Federalists (17) Other Parties: 0 Total Seats: 48 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 19th Congress (1825-1827) Majority Party: Jacksonian (26 seats) Minority Party: Adams (22 seats) Other Parties: 0 Total Seats: 48 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 20th Congress (1827-1829) Majority Party: Jacksonian (27 seats) Minority Party: Adams (21 seats) Other Parties: 0 Total Seats: 48 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 21st Congress (1829-1831) Majority Party: Jacksonian (25 seats) Minority Party: Anti-Jackson (23 seats) Other Parties: 0 Total Seats: 48 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 22nd Congress (1831-1833) Majority Party: Jacksonian (24 seats) Minority Party: Anti-Jackson (22 seats) Other Parties: 2 National Republican Total Seats: 48 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 23rd Congress (1833-1835) Majority Party: Anti-Jackson (26 seats) Minority Party: Jacksonian (20 seats) Other Parties: 2 National Republican Total Seats: 48 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 24th Congress (1835-1837) Majority Party: Jacksonian (26 seats) Minority Party: Anti-Jackson (24 seats) Other Parties: 2 National Republican Total Seats: 52 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 25th Congress (1837-1839) Majority Party: Democrat (35 seats) Minority Party: Whig (17 seats) Other Parties: 0 Total Seats: 52 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 26th Congress (1839-1841) Majority Party: Democrat (30 seats) Minority Party: Whig (22 seats) Other Parties: 0 Total Seats: 52 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 27th Congress (1841-1843) Majority Party: Whig (29 seats) Minority Party: Democrat (22 seats) Other Parties: 0 Vacant: 1 Total Seats: 52 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 28th Congress (1843-1845) Majority Party: Whig (29 seats) Minority Party: Democrat (23 seats) Other Parties: 0 Total Seats: 52 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 29th Congress (1845-1847) Majority Party: Democrat (34 seats) Minority Party: Whig (22 seats) Other Parties: 0 Vacant: 2 Total Seats: 58 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 30th Congress (1847-1849) Majority Party: Democrat (38 seats) Minority Party: Whig (21 seats) Other Parties: 1 Independent Democrat Total Seats: 60 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 31st Congress (1849-1851) Majority Party: Democrat (35 seats) Minority Party: Whig (25 seats) Other Parties: 2 Free Soiler Total Seats: 62 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 32nd Congress (1851-1853) Majority Party: Democrat (36 seats) Minority Party: Whig (23 seats) Other Parties: 3 Free Soiler Total Seats: 62 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 33rd Congress (1853-1855) Majority Party: Democrat (38 seats) Minority Party: Whig (22 seats) Other Parties: 2 Free Soiler Total Seats: 62 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 34th Congress (1855-1857) Majority Party: Democrat (39 seats) Minority Party: Opposition (22 seats) Other Parties: 1 American Party Total Seats: 62 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 35th Congress (1857-1859) Majority Party: Democrat (41 seats) Minority Party: Republican (20 seats) Other Parties: 5 American Party Total Seats: 66 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 36th Congress (1859-1861) Majority Party: Democrat (38 seats) Minority Party: Republican (26 seats) Other Parties: 2 American Party Total Seats: 66 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 37th Congress (1861-1863) Majority Party: Republican (31 seats) Minority Party: Democrat (15 seats) Other Parties: 3 Unionist Vacant: 1 Total Seats: 50 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 38th Congress (1863-1865) Majority Party: Republican (33 seats) Minority Party: Democrat (10 seats) Other Parties: 5 Unconditional Unionist; 4 Unionist Total Seats: 52 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 39th Congress (1865-1867) Majority Party: Republican (39 seats) Minority Party: Democrat (11 seats) Other Parties: 3 Unconditional Unionist; 1 Unionist Total Seats: 54 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 40th Congress (1867-1869) Majority Party: Republican (57 seats) Minority Party: Democrat (9 seats) Other Parties: 0 Vacant: 2 Total Seats: 68 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 41st Congress (1869-1871) Majority Party: Republican (62 seats) Minority Party: Democrat (12 seats) Other Parties: 0 Total Seats: 74 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 42nd Congress (1871-1873) Majority Party: Republican (56 seats) Minority Party: Democrat (17 seats) Other Parties: 1 Liberal Republican Total Seats: 74 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 43rd Congress (1873-1875) Majority Party: Republican (47 seats) Minority Party: Democrat (19 seats) Other Parties: 7 Liberal Republican Vacant: 1 Total Seats: 74 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 44th Congress (1875-1877) Majority Party: Republican (46 seats) Minority Party: Democrat (28 seats) Other Parties: 1 Independent Republican Vacant: 1 Total Seats: 76 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 45th Congress (1877-1879) Majority Party: Republican (40 seats) Minority Party: Democrat (35 seats) Other Parties: 1 Independent Total Seats: 76 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 46th Congress (1879-1881) Majority Party: Democrat (42 seats) Minority Party: Republican (33 seats) Other Parties: 1 Independent Total Seats: 76 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 47th Congress (1881-1883) Majority Party: Republican (37 seats) Minority Party: Democrat (37 seats) Other Parties: 1 Independent; 1 Readjuster Total Seats: 76 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 48th Congress (1883-1885) Majority Party: Republican (38 seats) Minority Party: Democrat (36 seats) Other Parties: 2 Readjuster Total Seats: 76 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 49th Congress (1885-1887) Majority Party: Republican (42 seats) Minority Party: Democrat (34 seats) Other Parties: 0 Total Seats: 76 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 50th Congress (1887-1889) Majority Party: Republican (39 seats) Minority Party: Democrat (37 seats) Other Parties: 0 Total Seats: 76 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 51st Congress (1889-1891) Majority Party: Republican (51 seats) Minority Party: Democrat (37 seats) Other Parties: 0 Total Seats: 88 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 52nd Congress (1891-1893) Majority Party: Republican (47 seats) Minority Party: Democrat (39 seats) Other Parties: 2 Populist Total Seats: 88 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 53rd Congress (1893-1895) Majority Party: Democrat (44 seats) Minority Party: Republican (40 seats) Other Parties: 3 Populist; 1 Silver Total Seats: 88 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 54th Congress (1895-1897) Majority Party: Republican (44 seats) Minority Party: Democrat (40 seats) Other Parties: 4 Populist; 2 Silver Total Seats: 90 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 55th Congress (1897-1899) Majority Party: Republican (44 seats) Minority Party: Democrat (34 seats) Other Parties: 5 Populist; 5 Silver Republican; 2 Silver Total Seats: 90 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 56th Congress (1899-1901) Majority Party: Republican (53 seats) Minority Party: Democrat (26 seats) Other Parties: 5 Populist; 3 Silver Republican; 2 Silver Vacant: 1 Total Seats: 90 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 57th Congress (1901-1903) Majority Party: Republican (56 seats) Minority Party: Democrat (32 seats) Other Parties: 2 Populist Total Seats: 90 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 58th Congress (1903-1905) Majority Party: Republican (57 seats) Minority Party: Democrat (33 seats) Other Parties: 0 Total Seats: 90 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 59th Congress (1905-1907) Majority Party: Republican (58 seats) Minority Party: Democrat (32 seats) Other Parties: 0 Total Seats: 90 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 60th Congress (1907-1909) Majority Party: Republican (61 seats) Minority Party: Democrat (31 seats) Other Parties: 0 Total Seats: 92 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 61st Congress (1909-1911) Majority Party: Republican (60 seats) Minority Party: Democrat (32 seats) Other Parties: 0 Total Seats: 92 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 62nd Congress (1911-1913) Majority Party: Republican (52 seats) Minority Party: Democrat (44 seats) Other Parties: 0 Total Seats: 96 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 63rd Congress (1913-1915) Majority Party: Democrat (51 seats) Minority Party: Republican (44 seats) Other Parties: 1 Progressive Total Seats: 96 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 64th Congress (1915-1917) Majority Party: Democrat (56 seats) Minority Party: Republican (40 seats) Other Parties: 0 Total Seats: 96 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 65th Congress (1917-1919) Majority Party: Democrat (54 seats) Minority Party: Republican (42 seats) Other Parties: 0 Total Seats: 96 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 66th Congress (1919-1921) Majority Party: Republican (49 seats) Minority Party: Democrat (47 seats) Other Parties: 0 Total Seats: 96 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 67th Congress (1921-1923) Majority Party: Republican (59 seats) Minority Party: Democrat (37 seats) Other Parties: 0 Total Seats: 96 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 68th Congress (1923-1925) Majority Party: Republican (53 seats) Minority Party: Democrat (42 seats) Other Parties: 1 Farmer-Labor Total Seats: 96 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 69th Congress (1925-1927) Majority Party: Republican (54 seats) Minority Party: Democrat (41 seats) Other Parties: 1 Farmer-Labor Total Seats: 96 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 70th Congress (1927-1929) Majority Party: Republican (48 seats) Minority Party: Democrat (46 seats) Other Parties: 1 Farmer-Labor Vacant: 1 Total Seats: 96 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 71st Congress (1929-1931) Majority Party: Republican (56 seats) Minority Party: Democrat (39 seats) Other Parties: 1 Farmer-Labor Total Seats: 96 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 72nd Congress (1931-1933) Majority Party: Republican (48 seats) Minority Party: Democrat (47 seats) Other Parties: 1 Farmer-Labor Total Seats: 96 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 73rd Congress (1933-1935) Majority Party: Democrat (59 seats) Minority Party: Republican (36 seats) Other Parties: 1 Farmer-Labor Total Seats: 96 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 74th Congress (1935-1937) Majority Party: Democrat (69 seats) Minority Party: Republican (25 seats) Other Parties: 1 Farmer-Labor; 1 Progressive Total Seats: 96 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 75th Congress (1937-1939) Majority Party: Democrat (76 seats) Minority Party: Republican (16 seats) Other Parties: 2 Farmer-Labor; 1 Progressive; 1 Independent Total Seats: 96 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 76th Congress (1939-1941) Majority Party: Democrat (69 seats) Minority Party: Republican (23 seats) Other Parties: 2 Farmer-Labor; 1 Progressive; 1 Independent Total Seats: 96 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 77th Congress (1941-1943) Majority Party: Democrat (66 seats) Minority Party: Republican (28 seats) Other Parties: 1 Independent; 1 Progressive Total Seats: 96 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 78th Congress (1943-1945) Majority Party: Democrat (57 seats) Minority Party: Republican (38 seats) Other Parties: 1 Progressive Total Seats: 96 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 79th Congress (1945-1947) Majority Party: Democrat (57 seats) Minority Party: Republican (38 seats) Other Parties: 1 Progressive Total Seats: 96 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 80th Congress (1947-1949) Majority Party: Republican (51 seats) Minority Party: Democrat (45 seats) Other Parties: 0 Total Seats: 96 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 81st Congress (1949-1951) Majority Party: Democrat (54 seats) Minority Party: Republican (42 seats) Other Parties: 0 Total Seats: 96 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 82nd Congress (1951-1953) Majority Party: Democrat (49 seats) Minority Party: Republican (47 seats) Other Parties: 0 Total Seats: 96 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 83rd Congress (1953-1955) Majority Party: Republican (48 seats) Minority Party: Democrat (47 seats) Other Parties: 1 Independent Total Seats: 96 Note: See Senate Membership Changes During the 83rd Congress ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 84th Congress (1955-1957) Majority Party: Democrat (48 seats) Minority Party: Republican (47 seats) Other Parties: 1 Independent Total Seats: 96 Note: Strom Thurmond (SC) was an Independent Democrat during this Congress until his resignation on April 4, 1956. In November of that year he was elected as a Democrat to fill the vacancy created by his resignation. The Independent member listed above was Wayne Morse (OR), who changed from an Independent to a Democrat on February 17, 1955. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 85th Congress (1957-1959) Majority Party: Democrat (49 seats) Minority Party: Republican (47 seats) Other Parties: 0 Total Seats: 96 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 86th Congress (1959-1961) Majority Party: Democrat (65 seats) Minority Party: Republican (35 seats) Other Parties: 0 Total Seats: 100 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 87th Congress (1961-1963) Majority Party: Democrat (64 seats) Minority Party: Republican (36 seats) Other Parties: 0 Total Seats: 100 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 88th Congress (1963-1965) Majority Party: Democrat (66 seats) Minority Party: Republican (34 seats) Other Parties: 0 Total Seats: 100 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 89th Congress (1965-1967) Majority Party: Democrat (68 seats) Minority Party: Republican (32 seats) Other Parties: 0 Total Seats: 100 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 90th Congress (1967-1969) Majority Party: Democrat (64 seats) Minority Party: Republican (36 seats) Other Parties: 0 Total Seats: 100 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 91st Congress (1969-1971) Majority Party: Democrat (57 seats) Minority Party: Republican (43 seats) Other Parties: 0 Total Seats: 100 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 92nd Congress (1971-1973) Majority Party: Democrat (54 seats) Minority Party: Republican (44 seats) Other Parties: 1 Conservative; 1 Independent Total Seats: 100 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 93rd Congress (1973-1975) Majority Party: Democrat (56 seats) Minority Party: Republican (42 seats) Other Parties: 1 Conservative; 1 Independent Total Seats: 100 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 94th Congress (1975-1977) Majority Party: Democrat (60 seats) Minority Party: Republican (38 seats) Other Parties: 1 Conservative; 1 Independent Total Seats: 100 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 95th Congress (1977-1979) Majority Party: Democrat (61 seats) Minority Party: Republican (38 seats) Other Parties: 1 Independent Total Seats: 100 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 96th Congress (1979-1981) Majority Party: Democrat (58 seats) Minority Party: Republican (41 seats) Other Parties: 1 Independent Total Seats: 100 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 97th Congress (1981-1983) Majority Party: Republican (53 seats) Minority Party: Democrat (46 seats) Other Parties: 1 Independent Total Seats: 100 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 98th Congress (1983-1985) Majority Party: Republican (54 seats) Minority Party: Democrat (46 seats) Other Parties: 0 Total Seats: 100 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 99th Congress (1985-1987) Majority Party: Republican (53 seats) Minority Party: Democrat (47 seats) Other Parties: 0 Total Seats: 100 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 100th Congress (1987-1989) Majority Party: Democrat (55 seats) Minority Party: Republican (45 seats) Other Parties: 0 Total Seats: 100 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 101st Congress (1989-1991) Majority Party: Democrat (55 seats) Minority Party: Republican (45 seats) Other Parties: 0 Total Seats: 100 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 102nd Congress (1991-1993) Majority Party: Democrat (56 seats) Minority Party: Republican (44 seats) Other Parties: 0 Total Seats: 100 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 103rd Congress (1993-1995) Majority Party: Democrat (57 seats) Minority Party: Republican (43 seats) Other Parties: 0 Total Seats: 100 Note: Party division changed to 56 Democrats and 44 Republicans after the June 5, 1993 election of Kay B. Hutchison (R-TX). ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 104th Congress (1995-1997) Majority Party: Republican (52 seats) Minority Party: Democrat (48 seats) Other Parties: 0 Total Seats: 100 Note: Party ratio changed to 53 Republicans and 47 Democrats after Richard Shelby of Alabama switched from the Democratic to Republican party on November 9, 1994. It changed again, to 54 Republicans and 46 Democrats, when Ben Nighthorse Campbell of Colorado switched from the Democratic to Republican party on March 3, 1995. When Robert Packwood (R-OR) resigned on October 1, 1995, the Senate divided between 53 Republicans and 46 Democrats with one vacancy. Ron Wyden (D) returned the ratio to 53 Republicans and 47 Democrats when he was elected to fill the vacant Oregon seat. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 105th Congress (1997-1999) Majority Party: Republican (55 seats) Minority Party: Democrat (45 seats) Other Parties: 0 Total Seats: 100 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 106th Congress (1999-2001) Majority Party: Republican (55 seats) Minority Party: Democrat (45 seats) Other Parties: 0 Total Seats: 100 Note: As the 106th Congress began, the division was 55 Republican seats and 45 Democratic seats, but this changed to 54-45 on July 13, 1999 when Senator Bob Smith of New Hampshire switched from the Republican party to Independent status. On November 1, 1999, Smith announced his return to the Republican party, making the division once more 55 Republicans and 45 Democrats. Following the death of Senator Paul Coverdell (R-GA) on July 18, 2000, the balance shifted again, to 54 Republicans and 46 Democrats, when the governor appointed Zell Miller, a Democrat, to fill the vacancy. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 107th Congress (2001-2003) Majority Party (Jan 3-20, 2001): Democrat (50 seats) Minority Party: Republican (50 seats) Other Parties: 0 Total Seats: 100 ________ Majority Party (Jan 20-June 6, 2001): Republican (50 seats) Minority Party: Democrat (50 seats) Other Parties: 0 Total Seats: 100 ______ Majority Party (June 6, 2001-November 12, 2002 --): Democrat (50 seats) Minority Party: Republican (49 seats) Other Parties: 1 Total Seats: 100 _____ Majority Party (November 12, 2002 - January 3, 2003): Republican (50 seats) Minority Party: Democrat (48 seats) Other Parties: 2 Total Seats: 100 Note: From January 3 to January 20, 2001, with the Senate divided evenly between the two parties, the Democrats held the majority due to the deciding vote of outgoing Democratic Vice President Al Gore. Senator Thomas A. Daschle served as majority leader at that time. Beginning on January 20, 2001, Republican Vice President Richard Cheney held the deciding vote, giving the majority to the Republicans. Senator Trent Lott resumed his position as majority leader on that date. On May 24, 2001, Senator James Jeffords of Vermont announced his switch from Republican to Independent status, effective June 6, 2001. Jeffords announced that he would caucus with the Democrats, giving the Democrats a one-seat advantage, changing control of the Senate from the Republicans back to the Democrats. Senator Thomas A. Daschle again became majority leader on June 6, 2001. Senator Paul D. Wellstone (D-MN) died on October 25, 2002, and Independent Dean Barkley was appointed to fill the vacancy. The November 5, 2002 election brought to office elected Senator James Talent (R-MO), replacing appointed Senator Jean Carnahan (D-MO), shifting balance once again to the Republicans -- but no reorganization was completed at that time since the Senate was out of session. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 108th Congress (2003-2005) Majority Party: Republican (51 seats) Minority Party: Democrat (48 seats) Other Parties: Independent (1 seat) Total Seats: 100 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 109th Congress (2005-2007) Majority Party: Republican (55 seats) Minority Party: Democrat (44 seats) Other Parties: Independent (1 seat) Total Seats: 100 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 110th Congress (2007-2009) Majority Party: Democrat (49 seats) Minority Party: Republican (49 seats) Other Parties: 1Independent; 1 Independent Democrat Total Seats: 100
