How did Korea and the kingdoms of southeast Asia respond to contact w foreign nations?

Answer 1

Korea and the kingdoms of Southeast Asia responded to foreign contact with a mix of adaptation and resistance. Korea, particularly during the Joseon Dynasty, often sought to limit foreign influence, emphasizing Confucian values and isolationist policies, while selectively engaging with trade and diplomacy, notably with China and Japan. In contrast, Southeast Asian kingdoms, such as the Srivijaya and Khmer, embraced foreign trade and cultural exchange, incorporating elements from India, China, and later European powers into their societies. This resulted in diverse responses, ranging from assimilation and adaptation to outright resistance, shaped by local contexts and power dynamics.