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A:At the beginning of the twentieth century, the total Jewish population of Palestine was estimated at around 20,000 persons, but this quickly increased with legal and illegal Immigration. British policy on the territory was informed by the Balfour Declaration of 1917, whereby Palestine would be regarded as a homeland for the Jews, subject to the rights of the Arabs, but would not necessarily be an independent state. By 1939, Britain was moving away from this position, and a white Paper recommended that an Arab state of Palestine be created.

In order to force Britain's hand and ensure a favourable outcome, the Jews commenced a program of terrorism, with the Stern Gang as the main participant. In 1946, the British headquarters in the King David Hotel were blown up. By February 1947, the number of British casualties in Palestine has risen sharply and Britain called on the UN to solve the Palestinian problem.

Ilan Pappe from the University of Haifa, Israel, says (A History of Modern Palestine: One Land, Two Peoples) that after March 1948 both sides commence military campaigns, but the Jews were better organised and more effective. Jewish forces committed the Dir Yassin massacre in Haifa, and elsewhere.

The British response during the Palestinian War of May 1948 to January 1949 was to cut off supplies of weapons and ammunition to Egypt and other allies of the Palestinians, leaving them unable to fight effectively. Israel was aligned to the Soviet Union and continued to receive materiel to prosecute the war.

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