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The reason many New Mexicans speak Spanish is because between the 16th century and 1821, it used to be part of the New Spain, which is the region discovered and settled by Spanish conquistadors, who imposed their language and culture on all peoples conquered by them. Then, from 1821 until 1848, it was part of the country of Mexico, after it won its war of independence against Spain and before New Mexico was lost to the United States after the Mexican-American War (1846-1848).

Also, since the late half of the 20th century, many immigrants of Mexican ancestry have arrived to New Mexico, looking for the "American dream". All of them speak Spanish as primary or secondary language.

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