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In the 19th century, Liberia was unique in Africa as it was founded by freed American slaves in 1822, distinguishing it from other African nations that were primarily under colonial rule. Unlike the majority of the continent, which faced European Imperialism, Liberia maintained its sovereignty and operated as an independent republic from 1847. This created a distinct social and political landscape, where a small elite of settler descendants often dominated the indigenous population, leading to tensions that were less common in other African regions during that period.

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