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The Risorgimento was a 19th-century movement aimed at the unification of Italy, which was fragmented into various states and kingdoms. Its purpose was to promote national identity and independence from foreign rule, particularly Austrian influence in northern Italy. Key figures, such as Giuseppe Garibaldi and Count Camillo di Cavour, played crucial roles in political and military efforts that ultimately led to the establishment of the Kingdom of Italy in 1861. The movement emphasized the ideals of nationalism, liberalism, and social reform.

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