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In the Middle East and North Africa (MENA), people have predominantly settled in fertile areas such as river valleys, coastal plains, and around oases. Key urban centers have developed in cities like Cairo, Istanbul, and Tehran, often near significant water sources. The region's harsh desert landscapes, such as the Sahara and Arabian deserts, have limited settlement, leading to a concentration of populations in more hospitable areas. Additionally, the discovery of oil has spurred urban development and migration to cities in countries like Saudi Arabia and the UAE.

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1mo ago

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