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The Indian subcontinent was split into independent India and Pakistan in 1947 primarily due to religious differences between Hindus and Muslims. The demand for a separate Muslim state was championed by the All-India Muslim League, led by Muhammad Ali Jinnah, who argued that Muslims would not be adequately represented in a predominantly Hindu India. The partition aimed to address these concerns but resulted in widespread violence, mass migrations, and significant human suffering as millions were displaced along religious lines. Ultimately, the division reflected deep-seated communal tensions and the complexities of colonial legacies in the region.

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