In Grutter v. Bollinger (2003), the Supreme Court upheld the affirmative action admissions policy of the University of Michigan Law School, ruling that the use of race as one of many factors in admissions does not violate the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment. The Court emphasized that the policy aimed to achieve a diverse student body, which is a compelling state interest. Therefore, while the ruling affirmed the importance of equal protection, it also recognized the legitimacy of considering race in specific contexts to promote diversity.
In Gratz v. Bollinger, the Supreme Court ruled that the University of Michigan's undergraduate admissions policy, which awarded a set number of points to applicants based on their race, violated the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment because it used race as a decisive factor in the admissions process. The Court found this policy to be unconstitutional.
in plessy, the supreme court ruled that the clause allowed racial segregation; in the brown, it ruled that clause did not allow segregation
in plessy, the supreme court ruled that the clause allowed racial segregation; in the brown, it ruled that clause did not allow segregation
To expand the rights of minorities and women but also to limit programs that did not provide equal protection for the majority
In Gratz v. Bollinger, the Supreme Court ruled that the University of Michigan's undergraduate admissions policy, which awarded points based on race, violated the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment, not Title IX. The Court found that the policy was not narrowly tailored to achieve the goal of diversity and constituted a form of racial discrimination. This case highlighted the limitations of affirmative action in college admissions and set a precedent for how race can be considered in the admissions process.
The 14th amendment to the U.S. Constitution has three clauses: the citizenship clause; the due process clause; and the equal protection clause. The citizenship clause essentially gave all blacks citizenship. The due process clause prevented state and local governments from denying persons (individual and corporate) of life, liberty and property without meeting certain requirements. The equal protection clause requires all states to provide equal protection to all individuals under its jurisdiction. The equal protection clause became the basis of the supreme court decision that dismantled racial segregation.
The 15th amendment
In 1979, the Supreme Court adopted the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment of the Constitution. This clause made the amendment more gender-neutral. The Supreme Court pushed for gender-appropriate language to be adopted
Brown v. Board of Education, 347 US 483 (1954)Yes. The Supreme Court decision was based on the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment. The Court indicated that the decision could also be supported by the Fourteenth Amendment Due Process Clause, but declined to elaborate because the Equal Protection Clause was sufficient to render segregation in the public schools unconstitutional.
The Supremacy Clause
The Supreme Court prohibited racial gerrymandering in 1993, holding that the practice violated the 14th Amendment's Equal Protection Clause.
Equal Protection and Full Faith and Credit are usually cited.