The Articles and Amendments of the Constitution are the "clear line" used to determine when Congress has overstepped its authority, but the meaning, application and intent of those items is a matter of interpretation and, frequently, disagreement. Unless the legislation presents an obvious and egregious Constitutional violation that can't be justified within any ethical or political framework, the line tends to be blurred by ideology. This is particularly true now, in the early 21st century, because the current Court is over-politicized and ideologically polarized.
Congress has the authority to establish federal courts; state legislative bodies establish state courts.
The authority to set up a system of federal courts was granted to Congress by the U.S. Constitution. Article III of the Constitution establishes the judicial branch and allows Congress to create inferior courts under the Supreme Court. This provision enables Congress to determine the structure and jurisdiction of the federal court system.
Congress
No. The US Constitution vests Congress with the authority to determine the structure of the federal courts, including the US Supreme Court. Congress set the number of justices on the Court at nine in the Judiciary Act of 1869.
Constitutional courts
Federal courts have jurisdiction over all bankruptcy matters, which the Congress has determined should be addressed in federal courts rather than state courts.
Federal courts have jurisdiction over all bankruptcy matters, which the Congress has determined should be addressed in federal courts rather than state courts.
Federal courts have jurisdiction over all bankruptcy matters, which the Congress has determined should be addressed in federal courts rather than state courts.
The president is held in check by the powers of Congress and the courts.
have the authority to hold a trial and determine the facts of the case...plato lol
Congress is vested with the authority to create courts "inferior" to the US Supreme Court in both Article I and Article III of the US Constitution.
Article III of the Constitution vested Congress with the power of creating federal courts below the Supreme Court, at their discretion. This authority includes determining the number and (usually) jurisdiction of each court. Congress also has the power to eliminate federal courts below the Supreme Court.