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The Greek city-states of Asia Minor had come under control of Persia when Cyrus the Great took over the Lydian Empire and the rest of Asia Minor. Darius succeeded to the throne and expanded control to include Thrace and Macedonia. So he already had taken over much of the Greek world.

When the Asian Greek cities revolted in 499 BCE, he put the rebellion down over the following six years. The mainland Greek city-states of Eretria and Athens had intervened in support of them so Darius decided to take control of them as a warning to other mainland cities. This effort failed at the battle of Marathon in 490 BCE, so Darius realised that the only way to gain stability was to incorporate the cities within his empire under control of a Persian provincial governor. He sent envoys to the mainland cities with bribes, and some agreed to accept Persian control. Others did not so he realised he would have to use force for this remainder.

He died before he could mount a full-scale invasion, leaving it to his son and successor Xerxes to carry it through. The southern mainland cities defeated the invasion in 480-479 BCE.

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Q: How did Darius first approach the Greeks to gain their lands. What was their response?
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