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Two types of bacteria will grow on nutrient-rich food (such as raw meat) at room temperature: (1) Spoilage bacteria such as Alteromonas putrefaciens, Pseudomonas I and/or Pseudomonas II. These will produce unpleasant odors, and will alter the taste and texture of the food product. These will make the food disgusting, but interestingly are unlikely to make you sick if you eat the spoiled food. (2) Pathogenic bacteria such as Salmonella, Staphylococcus, Campylobacter, Clostridium, Listeria, Shigella, and/or Shiga-toxin Escherichia coli. These may not affect the appearance, taste or odor of the food, but they will make you extremely ill if you ingest them. At room temperature they multiply rapidly, doubling their population as often as every 15-20 minutes. Shiga-toxin E. coli O157:H7is the most common E. coli food poisoning organism, and it is truly nasty; but a few other Shiga organisms can cause even more severe cases. Pathogenic bacteria continue to multiply in your gastrointestinal tract, so the onset of illness can be as soon as 1 day or as long as 10 days after eating the infected food. Symptoms vary but can include abdominal pain and cramps, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea (sometimes bloody), pronounced fatigue, fever, sweats and chills, headache and body aches. Symptoms may continue as long as a week. Bacteria is not the only concern with foods at room temperature. There are virus organisms that can produce food poisoning as severe as the bacterial infections. These include Noroviruses and Hepatitis A. Other food poisoning cases are caused by protozoa, parasites and mycotoxins (mold toxins).

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