No. god does not have a race, or place of birth, as he is omniscient.
The Israelite's believed that the giving of the commandments reaffirmed their covenant with god
God gave it.
Monotheism
Egypt
Abraham
Very much so. Israelite existence was based upon the covenant with God. See also:What is God like?The covenantIsraelite society
moses
Because the bible says god chose the Hebrew people as his people.
God chose the Israelites as you see they were his chosen people. And they would not loose a single war.
A pillar of fire at night, and a pillar of cloud during the day
Because they understood that the Ten Commandments are the word of God and that obeying God is the central goal of life.
Redeeming the First Born (Pidyon Haben). See Exodus ch.13.