I don't know that there was a set individual, as the idea of imprisonment is an old one. Prisons were used as detention centers in Jerusalem according to the Old Testament, and let's not forget about dudgeons and whatnot! But, the type of prisons we have today weren't really used until the 19th century. I believe the views of a man named Jeremy Bentham had something to do with this, which took place in London. For more information, please Google your question. Hope I helped and best wishes!! :)
450 b.c
The idea of open-pit mining was first introduced by the Romans in ancient times. They used this method to extract ores such as copper and iron.
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Copernicus.
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It was Alexander Hamilton who introduced the idea of a vice president. Hamilton is one of America's Founding Fathers, and served as the nation's first Secretary of the Treasury.
Andrew Jackson introduced this idea of nullification to the 1800s.
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Nullification
Inventor Eli Whitney introduced the idea of interchangeable parts in about 1801. He had a contract with the US military to make rifles.
The concept for extended warranties for automobiles was first introduced in the 1970's. Before then, there were types of automobile warranties which were granted by the manufacturers themselves. However, a few companies decided to offer limited warranties ranging from one, two, or three years, and that is how the idea of an extended warranty was introduced.
The Harrier jet introduced the idea of VTOL (vertical take-off and landing).