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Victor Emmanuel III was born in Naples, Italy, in 1869, the son of King Umberto I, Italy's second reigning monarch. Victor Emmanuel III came to the throne when his father was assassinated at Monza in 1900. He was so small that he was nicknamed the 'dwarf' by Kaiser Wilhelm II. Following the overthrow of Benito Mussolini in July 1943, King Victor Emmanuel handed over his constitutional functions to his son. Victor Emmanuel III withdrew from private life and died in exile in Egypt in 1947. The King's son was made Lieutenant General of the Realm but he left Italy for safety in Egypt. After the war, he returned and was crowned King Umberto II in 1946. A few weeks later a referendum was held to decide the fate of the monarchy. The ballot was in favor of a Republic. The monarchy formally ended on June 12, 1946--- King Umberto II was king for only 33 days.

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Q: Who was the king of Italy in 1940?
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