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Brigham Young

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Brigham Young
Brigham Young
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  • Born: 1 June 1801
  • Birthplace: Whitingham, Vermont
  • Died: 29 August 1877 (ruptured appendix)
  • Best Known As: Early Mormon leader

Brigham Young led the great Mormon migration of 1846-48 and oversaw the church's establishment and growth in Utah. An early convert to the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints (also known as the Mormons), Young was named president of the church after the 1844 murder of its founder, Joseph Smith. Young led the Mormons west and personally chose the site of the church's new colony, which became Salt Lake City. From 1851-57 he also served as governor of the Utah Territory. The early Mormon church practiced polygamy, and official church histories say Young had 20 wives and 57 children; other sources claim two dozen wives or more.

Young is the great-great-great-grandfather of former NFL quarterback Steve Young... Brigham Young (as imagined by Arthur Conan Doyle) appears in the very first Sherlock Holmes story, A Study In Scarlet.

 
 
Biography: Brigham Young

Brigham Young (1801-1877), American colonizer and second president of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints, led the Mormons to Utah, colonized it, and served as official and unofficial governor of Oregon Territory.

Brigham Young was born at Whitingham, Vt., on June 1, 1801. When he was three, the family moved to an area of New York where religious mysticism and revivalism were strong. He had only two months of formal education, for the family was poor and rootless. He became a house painter and glazier, and, at the age of 22, a Methodist. He married Miriam Works, and they settled at Mendon, N.Y., in 1829.

In 1832, after studying Joseph Smith's Book of Mormon for two years, Young was baptized into the new Church and became very active in it. The following year he moved to Kirtland, Ohio, to form a Mormon church. He traveled through the eastern United States seeking converts, as well as joining "Zion's Army," a militant Mormon branch.

Rise in the Church

In February 1835, when the Quorum of Twelve Apostles was established as an administrative aid to Prophet Joseph Smith, Young was third in rank. By 1838, when the Mormons were expelled from Missouri, he was senior member of this body and directed the removal to Nauvoo, Ill. In 1839 he went to England on a successful mission, returning to Illinois in 1841 to become the Church's leading fiscal agent. By 1844 he had contracted three polygamous marriages.

In 1844 Smith determined to run for president of the United States, and Young left on a speaking tour in support of this. In Boston that July he heard of Smith's murder two weeks earlier. He returned to Nauvoo to find the membership in panic and virtually leaderless. He rallied the members, defeated Sidney Rigdon for leadership, and began searching for a new location for the Mormons, who were again being persecuted.

Colonizer of Utah

After studying government documents and talking with travelers, Young sent agents to various parts of the West to look for the new Zion. He selected the Great Salt Lake region in the hope that there the believers would not be bothered again by outsiders. The move was accomplished under his leadership in 1846-1847, financed by funds from foreign missions and by the salaries of a battalion of men he sent to serve the U.S. Army during the Mexican War. On Dec. 5, 1847, at Salt Lake City, Young was elected president of the Quorum of Twelve Apostles, a position he held until his death.

Young planned a grand city at Salt Lake; the Church retained complete control through prior appropriation of available water, and irrigated farming became the backbone of the colony. He sent colonists to establish Mormon communities at strategic locations in the Great Basin area, some 357 towns in all, and sent missionaries all over the world to seek recruits. To assist the approximately 70,000 converts who came from Europe, he established the Perpetual Emigration Fund to extend loans which, when repaid, would assist still more to come. When funds were low, he directed the immigrants to come from St. Louis, pushing their goods in handcarts, but this advice was somewhat discredited when one group died in a snowstorm at Sweet-water River, Wyo., in 1856.

To keep money in the territory, Young urged development of home industries, the Zion's Cooperative Mercantile Institution. Also, he preached the necessity of hard work and thrift, and he forbade the faithful to engage in mining, fearing the discovery of gold would bring in large numbers of non-Mormons.

Young was a pragmatic leader who sought to strengthen the Church by cooperative means. He loved dancing, singing, and the theater, so these were acceptable; he forbade liquor, tobacco, all stimulants, gambling, and cardplaying. He encouraged polygamy because it was hated by non-Mormons; thus its practice insured Mormon unity against outsiders. Young himself had an estimated 19 to 27 wives and 56 children. He also urged a good educational system, and he established the University of Deseret (now the University of Utah) in 1850.

Political Leader

The Mexican War brought Utah into American hands, so Young gathered a constitutional convention to petition for statehood under the name Deseret. Congress refused, naming it the Territory of Utah, but Young became governor. In 1857 opposition to the Mormons became so strong from Federal officials that he was removed as governor. When he refused to be ousted, a Federal army under Gen. Albert Sidney Johnston was sent to expel him. The so-called "Mormon War" ended in 1858 by compromise; Young gave way to a non-Mormon governor but continued to govern unofficially through his position in the Church until his death in Salt Lake City on Aug. 29, 1877. A domineering tyrant in public, privately Young had been genial and benevolent.

Further Reading

Works on Young include Frank J. Cannon and George L. Knapp, Brigham Young and His Mormon Empire (1913), a hostile treatment; M. R. Werner, Brigham Young (1925); Susa Young Gates and Lead D. Widtsoe, The Life Story of Brigham Young (1930), which contains excellent material on his family life; Milton R. Hunter, Brigham Young: The Colonizer (1940; 2d ed. 1941); Ray B. West, Kingdom of the Saints: The Story of Brigham Young and the Mormons (1957); and Stanley P. Hirshson's unfavorable portrait, The Lion of the Lord: A Biography of Brigham Young (1969). The last is less a biography than an account of Mormon history, emphasizing the more sensational aspects of Young's life. A good, overall picture of Young and his work is in Thomas F. O'Dea, The Mormons (1957).

 
Britannica Concise Encyclopedia: Brigham Young

Brigham Young
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Brigham Young (credit: Courtesy of Utah State Historical Society)
(born June 1, 1801, Whitingham, Vt., U.S. — died Aug. 29, 1877, Salt Lake City, Utah) U.S. religious leader, second president of the Mormon church. He settled in Mendon, N.Y., in 1829 and was baptized into Joseph Smith's Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints in 1832. In 1834 he joined the Mormons in Missouri, and when they were driven out in 1838, he organized their move to Nauvoo, Ill. He established a Mormon mission in England in 1839. After Smith's murder in 1844, Young took over the church. He led the persecuted Mormons from Illinois to Utah (1846 – 48), choosing the site of Salt Lake City for the new Mormon headquarters. Elected president of the Mormons in 1847, he became governor of the provisional state of Deseret in 1849 and of the territory of Utah in 1850. His dictatorial autonomy and legalization of polygamy led Pres. James Buchanan to replace him as governor in 1857 and send the army to assert federal supremacy in the so-called Utah War, but Young remained head of the Mormon church until his death. He took more than 20 wives and fathered 47 children.

For more information on Brigham Young, visit Britannica.com.

 
US History Companion: Young, Brigham

(1801-1877), Mormon leader, American colonizer, and Utah's first governor. Born in Whitingham, Vermont, Young was the ninth of eleven children. His family moved to New York when he was three. Shortly after his mother's death in 1815, he left home to make his living as carpenter, joiner, glazier, painter, and landscape gardener.

Young was baptized a member of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (Mormon) in 1832. He became an ardent missionary and disciple, and moved to Kirtland, Ohio, where he did carpentry work and undertook preaching missions. He was ordained an apostle in 1835 and became one of the Quorum of the Twelve, who directed missionary work, emigration and settlement, and construction projects. In 1838-1839, he directed the removal of the Mormons from Missouri to Illinois. He served as a missionary in Great Britain in 1840-1841, and upon his return he was placed in charge of the business operations of the church. After the assassination of Joseph Smith in 1844, Young was chosen leader of the Mormons and continued as president until his death.

Young not only directed the migration of sixteen thousand Mormons from Illinois to Utah in 1846-1852 but also established the Perpetual Emigrating Fund Company, which during the years 1852-1877 assisted approximately eighty thousand converts to migrate to Utah from Great Britain, Scandinavia, and continental Europe. Young also directed the colonization and development of some 350 settlements in Utah, Idaho, Wyoming, Nevada, Arizona, and California.

In 1861 Young contracted to build the transcontinental telegraph line from Nebraska to California and then erected the twelve-hundred-mile Deseret Telegraph line from Franklin, Idaho, to northern Arizona to connect all Mormon villages with one another and with Salt Lake City. He also contracted to prepare the roadbed for part of the transcontinental railroad line and then organized railroads to provide rail transportation for most Mormon communities in Idaho, Utah, and Nevada.

When Utah became a territory in 1851, Young was the first governor and superintendent of Indian affairs, serving until 1858. As governor, he had repeated difficulties with "outside" non-Mormon presidential appointees, especially judges and territorial secretaries, who were envious, if not fearful, of his power.

As president of the Mormon church, Young traveled to most settlements at least once a year, where he listened to grievances, discussed problems, and informed himself of local events and personalities. Under prodding from Young, Utah gave women the vote in 1870, thus recognizing their political equality and also adding to Mormon vote pluralities.

Young constructed the Mormon Tabernacle in Salt Lake City and began the erection of the Salt Lake Temple. He founded Brigham Young University; the University of Deseret, now University of Utah; and the Salt Lake Theatre, where major actors and actresses performed.

Young was a leading Western colonizer, energetic entrepreneur of new industry, astute politician, friend of Native Americans, and effective sermonizer. The more than five hundred recorded sermons he delivered over the thirty-three years of his leadership emphasize practical religion--the improvement of living conditions, correct behavior, and the achievement of harmonious social relationships.

Bibliography:

Leonard J. Arrington, Brigham Young: American Moses (1985); Newell G. Bringhurst, Brigham Young and the Expanding American Frontier (1986).

Author:

Leonard J. Arrington

See also Mormons; Religion; Smith, Joseph.


 
Columbia Encyclopedia: Young, Brigham
(brĭg'əm) , 1801–77, American religious leader, early head of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints, b. Whitingham, Vt. Brigham Young was perhaps the greatest molder of Mormonism, his influence having a greater effect even than that of the church's founder, Joseph Smith, in shaping the Mormon faith as it exists today (see Latter-Day Saints, Church of Jesus Christ of).

Early Life

He was a painter and glazier in Mendon, Monroe co., N.Y., when he was first attracted to the new religion. Baptized as an adult in 1832, he led a group to the Mormon community at Kirtland, Ohio, and in 1835 became one of the Council of Twelve (the Apostles). When the Mormons were persecuted in their Missouri Zion in the late 1830s, Young was one of the few Mormon leaders not placed under arrest, and his abilities as an organizer came to the fore. He was one of the chief figures in the move to Nauvoo, Ill. Sent as missionary to England, he started a community that eventually brought approximately 40,000 émigrés to the United States between 1841 and 1870.

Mormon Leader

After Joseph Smith's assassination (1844), Young was the chief factor in maintaining the unity of the church in the Council of Twelve. From that time forward, he served as the Mormons' spiritual leader. He led the great migration west in 1846–47 and was the director of the settlement at Salt Lake City. He exercised supreme control in the communal theocracy of Mormonism, and his genius, as much as anything else, led to the phenomenal growth of a prosperous community. After the creation of Utah's provisional government, he was also made territorial governor and superintendent of Indian affairs.

When the Mormon practice of polygamy and a more general fear and hatred of Mormon power led to hostilities between the United States and the Mormons, Young defended Mormon interests, particularly during the military expedition against the Mormons called the Utah War (1857–58). He lost his post as governor, but through his able statesmanship, he avoided a real break with the United States. In his old age, he was arrested on charges of polygamy and murder, but he was acquitted and his influence increased rather than diminished until his death.

The exact number of his wives—still a contested figure—and the extent of his fortune were the objects of curiosity and idle rumor nationwide. Accusations of sensuality leveled against him by people who were ignorant of the basic principles of Mormon doctrine were not justified. The most serious charge that can be brought against him is that of condoning the massacre at Mountain Meadows. He did not instigate that crime, but it seems probable that he did protect its perpetrators.

Bibliography

See Susa Young Gates (his daughter) and L. E. Widtsoe, The Life Story of Brigham Young (1930); C. Stott, Search For Sanctuary (1984); L. J. Arrington, Brigham Young (1985); N. G. Bringhurst, Brigham Young (1986).

 
Works: Works by Brigham Young
(1801-1877)

1854Journal of Discourses. The Mormon leader begins publishing what would eventually grow to a twenty-six-volume collection of religious writings (completed in 1886).

 
Quotes By: Brigham Young

Quotes:

"Education is the power to think clearly, the power to act well in the worlds work, and the power to appreciate life."

"We should never permit ourselves to do anything that we are not willing to see our children do."

"In the adversity of our best friends we often find something that does not displease us."

"A good man, is a good man, whether in this church, or out of it."

"Honest hearts produce honest actions."

"There is no knowledge, no light, no wisdom that you are in possession of, but what you have received it from some source."

See more famous quotes by Brigham Young

 
Wikipedia: Brigham Young
Brigham Young
BrYoung.jpg
Full name Brigham Young
Born June 1 1801(1801--)
Place of birth Whitingham, Vermont
Died August 29 1877 (aged 76)
Place of death Salt Lake City, Utah
LDS Church President
Ordained December 27, 1847
Predecessor Joseph Smith
Successor John Taylor
See also: Brigham Young University

Brigham Young (June 1, 1801 – August 29, 1877) was a leader in the Latter Day Saint movement and was the president of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints from 1847 until his death. Young was also the first governor of the Utah Territory.

Young had a variety of nicknames, among the most popular of which is the "American Moses,"[1] (alternatively the "Modern Moses" or the "Mormon Moses"[2]) because, like the biblical figure, Young led his followers, the Mormon pioneers, in an exodus through a desert, to what they saw as a promised land. Young was also dubbed the "Lion of the Lord" for his bold personality, and was commonly called "Brother Brigham" by Latter-day Saints. Young's legacy is controversial, however. While having helped to organize a large religion, as well as the accession of Utah Territory to the United States, concerns persist about his role in the Utah War against the United States government and his beliefs about black people.

Early life until Joseph Smith's successor

Young was born to a farming family in Vermont and worked as a traveling carpenter and blacksmith, among other trades.[3] Young first married in 1824 to Miriam Angeline Works. Though he had converted to the Methodist faith in 1823, Young was drawn to Mormonism after reading the Book of Mormon shortly after its publication in 1830. He officially joined the new church in 1832 and traveled to Upper Canada as a missionary. After his first wife died in 1833, Young joined many Mormons in establishing a community in Kirtland, Ohio.

Young was strongly committed to his new faith. He was ordained an apostle and joined the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles as one of its inaugural members on February 14, 1835. During the anti-Mormon persecutions in Missouri in the late 1830s, Young suffered the loss of all his property. In 1840 and 1841, he went to England as a missionary; many of those Young converted moved to the United States to join Mormon communities there. In the 1840s Young was among those who established the city of Nauvoo, Illinois on the Mississippi River. It became the headquarters of the church and was comparable in size to the city of Chicago at the time.

While in jail awaiting trial for treason charges, Joseph Smith, president of the church, was killed by an armed mob in 1844. Several claimants to the role of church emerged during the succession crisis that ensued. Before a large meeting convened to discuss the succession in Nauvoo, Sidney Rigdon, the senior surviving member of the curch's First Presidency, argued that there could be no successor to the deceased prophet and that he should be made the "Protector" of the church.[4] Young opposed this reasoning and motion. Smith had earlier recorded a revelation which stated that the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles were "equal in authority and power" to the First Presidency,[5] so Young claimed that the leadership of the church fell to the Twelve Apostles.[6] Many of Young's followers would later reminisce that while Young spoke to the congregation, he looked or sounded similar to Joseph Smith, to which they attributed the power of God.[7] For many in attendance at this meeting, this occurrence was accepted as a sign that Young was to lead the church as President of the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles. Rigdon became the president of a separate church organization based in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania and other potential successors emerged to lead what became other denominations of the movement.

Church presidency

Initial actions as church president

After three years of leading the church as the President of the Quorum of the Twelve, in 1847 Young reorganized a new First Presidency and was declared president of the church. Repeated conflict led Young to relocate his group of Latter-day Saints to a territory in what is now Utah, then part of Mexico. Young organized the journey that would take the faithful to Winter Quarters, Nebraska, in 1846 , then to the Salt Lake Valley. Young arrived in the Salt Lake Valley on July 24, 1847, a date now recognized as Pioneer Day in Utah.

Conflict with U.S. government

Shortly after the arrival of Young's pioneers, the new Mormon colonies were incorporated into the United States through Mexican Cession, Young petitioned the U.S. Congress to create the State of Deseret. The Compromise of 1850 instead carved out Utah Territory, and Young was installed as governor. As governor and church president, Young directed both religious and economic matters. He encouraged independence and self-sufficiency. Many cities and towns in Utah, and some in neighboring states, were founded under Young's direction. Young's leadership style has been viewed as autocratic.[8]

When federal officials received reports of widespread and systematic obfuscation of federal officials in Utah (most notably judges), U.S. President James Buchanan decided to install a non-Mormon governor. Buchanan accepted the reports of the judges without any further investigation, and sent troops to depose Young. The troops passed by the bloody Kansas–Missouri war without intervening in it. When Young received word that federal troops were headed to Utah with his replacement, he organized a militia to fight the federal government. During this rebellion, now called the Utah War, Young held the U.S. Army at bay for a winter. Young made plans to burn Salt Lake City and move his followers to Mexico, but at the last minute he relented and agreed to step down as governor. He later received a pardon from Buchanan for his role in the episode. Relations between Young and future governors and U.S. Presidents were mixed.

Role in Mountain Meadows massacre

A controversial issue is the extent of Young's involvement in the Mountain Meadows massacre,[9] which took place in Washington County in 1857. Authorities in Iron County had sent a messenger to Salt Lake City, a three-day ride, seeking direction from Young. Young sent a message instructing them to leave the wagon party alone, but that message arrived too late to avert the massacre. Over 120 men, women and children were killed by local Mormon militia members and possibly their Native American allies; their bodies were stripped of clothes and valuables and left to rot in the desert. John D. Lee, the only person convicted for participation in the massacre, made the following statement:[10]

I have always believed, since that day, that General George A. Smith was then visiting Southern Utah to prepare the people for the work of exterminating Captain Fancher's train of emigrants, and I now believe that he was sent for that purpose by the direct command of Brigham Young.

Indictment for murder

Young was indicted on murder charges in 1872,[citation needed] based on the testimony of "Wild Bill" Hickman, who felt jilted when all but one of his nine wives left him after Young had him excommunicated. Young's murder indictment was thrown out when the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that the process used to select grand juries in Utah was unconstitutional, as it was designed to keep Mormons off juries.[citation needed]

Other notable actions

Young organized the Mormon Tabernacle Choir and in 1850 founded the University of Deseret, which is now the University of Utah. Brigham Young University, although not founded by Young, is named after him. In 1950, the state of Utah donated a marble statue of Young to the U.S. Capitol's National Statuary Hall Collection.[11]


Beliefs about blacks

Young has been criticized for his beliefs about black people. As a church father, Young's beliefs contributed to the Mormon policy regarding blacks and priesthood which existed until 1978 (see Blacks and The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints). Specific quotes by Young include:

Shall I tell you the law of God in regard to the African race? If the white man who belongs to the chosen seed mixes his blood with the seed of Cain, the penalty, under the law of God, is death on the spot. This will always be so.[12]

You see some classes of the human family that are black, uncouth, uncomely, disagreeable and low in their habits, wild, and seemingly deprived of nearly all the blessings of the intelligence that is generally bestowed upon mankind....Cain slew his brother. Cain might have been killed, and that would have put a termination to that line of human beings. This was not to be, and the Lord put a mark upon him, which is the flat nose and black skin.[13]

Family Life

Plural marriage

Young was perhaps the most famous polygamist of the early church. He stated that upon being taught about plural marriage, "it was the first time in my life that I desired the grave."[14] By the time of his death, Young had 56 children by 16 of his wives.[15] In 1856, Young built the Lion House to accommodate his sizable family. This building remains a Salt Lake City landmark, together with the Beehive House, another Brigham Young family home. A contemporary of Young wrote: "It was amusing to walk by Brigham Young's big house, a long rambling building with innumerable doors. Each wife has an establishment of her own, consisting of parlor, bedroom, and a front door, the key of which she keeps in her pocket".[16] Many of Young's wives were elderly widows whom he took responsibility to care over.[citation needed]

Listing of wives

What follows is a listing of Brigham Young's wives. An asterisk indicates "a wife not recognized in traditional histories"; names in parenthesis are the surnames of previous husbands; "divorce" indicates a formal dissolution of the marriage through secular or ecclesiastical procedures; "remarried" indicates later marriage of the wife to another husband.[17]

Brigham Young
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Brigham Young
  1. Miriam Work - 1824 (2 children), included in his will.
  2. Mary Ann Angell - 1834 (6 children), in will.
  3. Lucy A. Decker (Seeley) - 1842 (7 children), in will.
  4. Harriet E. Cook (Campbell) - 1843 (1 child), in will.
  5. Lucy Augusta Adams (Cobb) 1843 (no children); requested cancellation of her sealing, 1846; sealed by proxy to Joseph Smith, 1848; from 1850 onward asked Brigham Young to give her to various men in civil marriage but still included in will.
  6. Clarissa C. Decker - 1844 (5 children), in will.
  7. Clarissa Ross-Chase - 1844 (4 children), in will.
  8. Louisa Beaman (Smith) - 1844 (5 children).
  9. Zina D. Huntington (Jacobs, Smith) - 1844 (1 child), in will.
  10. Emily D. Partridge (Smith) 1844 - (7 children), in will. (daughter of Edward Partridge)
  11. Eliza R. Snow (Smith) - 1844 (no children), in will.
  12. *Elizabeth Fairchild - 1844 (no children), divorced 1855.
  13. *Clarissa Blake - 1844 (no children).
  14. *Rebecca W. Greenleaf Holman - 1844 (no children).
  15. *Diana Chase - 1844 (no children), separated about 1848, remarried 1849.
  16. Maria Lawrence (Smith) - 1844 (no children), separated 1845, remarried 1846.
  17. Susannah Snively - 1844 (no children), in will.
  18. Olive Grey Frost (Smith) - 1844 (no children).
  19. *Mary A. Clark (Powers) - 1845 (no children), divorced 1851.
  20. *Mary Harvey Pierce - 1845 (no children).
  21. Margrette W. Pierce (Whitesides) - 1845 (1 child), in will.
  22. Emmeline Free - 1845 (10 children), in will. (former fiance of John D. Lee, her sister Louisa married Lee).
  23. Mary Elizabeth Rollins (Lightner, Smith) - 1845 (no children); remained with legal husband yet considered herself deserted by Brigham Young, 1846.
  24. Margaret Maria Alley - 1845 (2 children), in will.
  25. *Mary Ann Turley - 1845 (no children), divorced 1851.
  26. *Olive Andrews (Smith) 1846 (no children).
  27. *Emily Haws (Chesley, Whitmarsh) - 1846 (no children), separated 1848.
  28. Ellen A. V. Rockwood - 1846 (no children).
  29. *Abigail Marks (Works) - 1846 (no children).
  30. *Mary Elizabeth Nelson (Greene) - 1846 (no children).
  31. *Mary E. de la Montague (Woodward) - 1846 (no children); divorced and returned to legal husband, 1847; then returned to Brigham Young, 1851.
  32. *Amy C. Cooper - 1846 (no children).
  33. *Julia Foster (Hampton) - 1846 (no children), separated, 1846; married another man; returned to Brigham Young, 1855, only to leave him bitterly later.
  34. *Abigail Harback (Hall) - 1846 (no children), returned to legal husband, 1846.
  35. Naamah K. J. Carter (Twiss) - 1846 (no children), obtained cancellation of her sealing by 1871, anointed to deceased first husband but still included in will.
  36. *Nancy Cressy (Walker) - 1846 (no children).
  37. *Eliza Babcock - 1846 (no children), divorced 1853.
  38. *Jane Terry (Tarbox, Young) - 1847.
  39. Mary J. Bigelow - 1847 (no children), divorced 1851.
  40. Lucy Bigelow - 1847 (3 children), in will.
  41. *Sarah M. Guckin (Malin) - 1848 (no children).
  42. Eliza Burgess - 1852 (1 child), in will.
  43. *Mary Oldfield (Kelsey) - 1852 (no children).
  44. *Catherine Resse (Clawson, Egan) - 1855 (no children).
  45. Harriet E. Barney (Sagers) - 1856 (1 child), in will.
  46. Harriet Amelia Folsom - 1863 (no children), in will.
  47. Mary Van Cott (Cobb) - 1865 (1 child), in will. (Daughter of John Van Cott)
  48. Ann Eliza Webb (Dee) 1868 (no children), divorced 1875; her story was the basis of Irving Wallace's 1962 biography The Twenty-Seventh Wife and of David Ebershoff's forthcoming novel, The 19th Wife
  49. *Elizabeth Jones (Lewis, Jones) - 1869 (no children).
  50. *Lydia Farnsworth (Mayhew) - 1870 (no children).
  51. *Hannah Tapfield (King) - 1872 (no children).
Grave marker of Brigham Young.
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Grave marker of Brigham Young.
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BrighamYoungStatue.jpg

Works

  • Young, Brigham (1952). The Best from Brigham Young: Statements from His Sermons on Religion, Education, and Community Building, selected by Alice K. Chase, Deseret Book Company. 
  • —— (1980). in Everett L. Cooley.: Diary of Brigham Young, 1857. Tanner Trust Fund, University of Utah Library. 
  • —— (1925). Discourses of Brigham Young, selected by John A. Widtsoe, Deseret Book. 
  • —— (1974). in Dean C. Jessee.: Letters of Brigham Young to His Sons. Deseret Book Company. 
  • —— (1969). Manuscript History of Brigham Young, 1801-1844. Eldon J. Watson. 
  • —— (1971). Manuscript History of Brigham Young, 1846-1847. Eldon J. Watson. 
  • —— (1922). Teachings of President Brigham Young: Salvation for the Dead, the Spirit World, and Kindred Subjects. Seagull Press. 
  • —— (1997). Teachings of Presidents of the Church: Brigham Young. The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints.  LDS Church publication number 35554.


Reference in Literature

Sir Arthur Conan Doyle based his first Sherlock Holmes novel, A Study in Scarlet, on Mormon history, mentioning Young by name. When asked to comment on the story, which had "provoked the animosity of the Mormon faithful", Conan Doyle noted, "all I said about the Danite Band and the murders is historical so I cannot withdraw that tho it is likely that in a work of fiction it is stated more luridly than in a work of history." However, Doyle's daughter stated that "You know father would be the first to admit that his first Sherlock Holmes novel was full of errors about the Mormons." [18]

Notable Descendents

Brigham Young has several noteworthy descendants:

See also

Notes

  1. ^ http://www.lds.org/newsroom/showpackage/0%2C15367%2C3899-31--34-2-190%2C00.html
  2. ^ http://overlandtrails.byu.edu/mapsessay.html
  3. ^ Sheret, John G.: Brigham Young: Carpenter and Cabinet Maker
  4. ^ Roberts, B. H. (ed.) History of the Church, vol. 7, ch. XVIII.
  5. ^ Doctrine and Covenants 107:23-24.
  6. ^ Roberts, B. H. (ed.) History of the Church, vol. 7, ch. XIX.
  7. ^ Harper 1996; Lynne Watkins Jorgensen, "The Mantle of the Prophet Joseph Smith Passes to Brother Brigham: One Hundred Twenty-one Testimonies of a Collective Spiritual Witness" in John W. Welch (ed.), 2005. Opening the Heavens: Accounts of Divine Manifestations, 1820-1844, Provo, Utah: BYU Press, pp. 374-480; Eugene English, "George Laub Nauvoo Diary," BYU Studies, 18 [Winter 1978]: 167 ("Now when President Young arose to address the congregation his voice was the voice of Bro[ther] Joseph and his face appeared as Joseph's face & should I have not seen his face but heard his voice I should have declared that it was Joseph"); William Burton Diary, May 1845. LDS Church Archives ("But their [Joseph Smith and Hyrum Smith's] places were filed by others much better than I once supposed they could have been, the spirit of Joseph appeared to rest upon Brigham"); Benjamin F. Johnson, My Life's Review [Independence, 1928], p. 103-104 ("But as soon as he spoke I jumped upon my feet, for in every possible degree it was Joseph's voice, and his person, in look, attitude, dress and appearance; [it] was Joseph himself, personified and I knew in a moment the spirit and mantle of Joseph was upon him"); Life Story of Mosiah Hancock, p. 23, BYU Library ("Although only a boy, I saw the mantle of the Prophet Joseph rest upon Brigham Young; and he arose lion-like to the occasion and led the people forth"); Wilford Woodruff, Deseret News, 15 Mar. 1892 ("If I had not seen him with my own eyes, there is no one that could have convinced me that it was not Joseph Smith"); George Q. Cannon, Juvenile Instructor, 22 [29 Oct. 1870]: 174-175 ("When Brigham Young spoke it was with the voice of Joseph himself; and not only was it the voice of Joseph which was heard, but it seemed in the eyes of the people as though it was the every person of Joseph which stood before them").
  8. ^ http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761555412/Young_Brigham.html
  9. ^ Eakin, Emily. "Reopening a Mormon Murder Mystery; New Accusations That Brigham Young Himself Ordered an 1857 Massacre of Pioneers", New York Times, 2002-10-12, p. Section B, Page 9, Column 2. 
  10. ^ Life and Confessions of John D. Lee(p. 225)
  11. ^ http://www.aoc.gov/cc/art/nsh/young.cfm
  12. ^ Journal of Discourses, volume 10, page 110.
  13. ^ Journal of Discourses, volume 7, page 290.
  14. ^ Polygamy and the Church: A History. The Mormons: People & Events. WGBH Educational Foundation (2007-04-30). Retrieved on 2007-05-29.
  15. ^ Brigham Young Biography. Brigham Young University. Retrieved on 2007-07-01.
  16. ^ DeHegermann-Lindencrone, Lillie. The Sunny Side of Diplomatic Life, 1875-1912. Project Gutenberg. Retrieved on 2006-07-18.
  17. ^ D. Michael Quinn, The Mormon Hierarchy: Origins of Power, Signature Books, Salt Lake City, 1994, 685 pages, ISBN 1-56085-056-6; Appendix 6, "Biographical Sketches of Officers of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter- day Saints, 1830-47" pp. 607-608).
  18. ^ http://www.adherents.com/lit/article_Doyle.html

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Political offices
Preceded by
None		 Governor of Utah Territory
1850 – 1858		 Succeeded by
Alfred Cumming
Religious titles
Preceded by
Joseph Smith, Jr.		 President of the LDS Church
December 27, 1847 – August 29, 1877		 Succeeded by
John Taylor
Preceded by
Thomas B. Marsh		 President of the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles
March 17, 1839 – December 27, 1847		 Succeeded by
Orson Hyde
Preceded by
David W. Patten		 Quorum of the Twelve Apostles
February 15, 1835 – December 27, 1847		 Succeeded by
Heber C. Kimball
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