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summer

 
Dictionary: sum·mer1   (sŭm'ər) pronunciation
 
Home > Library > Literature & Language > Dictionary
n.
  1. The usually warmest season of the year, occurring between spring and autumn and constituting June, July, and August in the Northern Hemisphere, or, as calculated astronomically, extending from the summer solstice to the autumnal equinox.
  2. A period of fruition, fulfillment, happiness, or beauty.
  3. A year: a girl of 13 summers.

v., -mered, -mer·ing, -mers.

v.tr.

To lodge or keep during the summer: summered the herd in the south meadow.

v.intr.

To pass the summer: They summered at a beach resort.

adj.
  1. Of, having to do with, occurring in, or appropriate to the season of summer: summer heat; summer attire.
  2. Grown during the season of summer: summer crops.

[Middle English sumer, from Old English sumor.]

summerly sum'mer·ly adv. & adj.
sum·mer2 (sŭm'ər) pronunciation
n.
  1. A heavy horizontal timber that serves as a supporting beam, especially for the floor above.
  2. A lintel.
  3. A large, heavy stone usually set on the top of a column or pilaster to support an arch or lintel.

[Middle English, beam, pack animal, from Anglo-Norman sumer, from Vulgar Latin *saumārius, from Late Latin sagmārius, pertaining to a packsaddle, packhorse, from sagma, packsaddle. See sumpter.]


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Thesaurus: summer
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Home > Library > Literature & Language > Thesaurus

noun

    The season occurring between spring and autumn: summertime. See time.

 
Antonyms: summer
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n

Definition: season after spring
Antonyms: winter

 
Architecture: summer
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Home > Library > Home & Garden > Architecture and Construction


1. A horizontal beam supporting the ends of floor joists or resting on posts and supporting the wall above; also called a summertree.
2. Any large timber or beam which serves as a bearing surface.
3. The lintel of a door or window; a breastsummer.
4. A stone laid on a column and serving as a support for construction above, as in the construction of an arch.

summer, 4: S

 
Veterinary Dictionary: summer
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Home > Library > Animal Life > Veterinary Dictionary

Said of diseases that are most prevalent during summer months.

  • s. bleeding — see parafilaria multipapillosa.
  • s. conjunctivitis — see equine seasonal conjunctivitis.
  • s. cypress — see kochia scoparia.
  • s. dermatitis, s. eczema — see sweet itch.
  • s. flower — see helianthus annuus.
  • s. grass — digitaria sanguinalis.
  • s. itch — see sweet itch.
  • s. mange — see onchocercosis.
  • s. mastitis — a severe suppurative mastitis affecting dry cows and heifers at pasture; likely to cause the loss of the quarter and a severe clinical illness. Caused by Arcanobacterium pyogenes, Streptococcus dysgalactiae and anaerobic gram positive cocci. Teat end contamination by flies is believed important in transmission.s. slump chronic form of poisoning by festuca arundinacea manifested by severe weight loss and severe abdominal fat necrosis.
  • s. snuffles — is an acute rhinitis of cows characterized by sneezing, purulent nasal discharge, dyspnea. It occurs when pasture is in flower and is thought to be allergic. May be the initial stage of enzootic nasal granuloma.
  • s. sores — see sweet itch, swamp cancer.
 
Word Tutor: summer
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pronunciation

IN BRIEF: The season after spring and before fall. The warmest season of the year in the Northern Hemisphere.

pronunciation We go to the beach a lot in summer.

 
Wikipedia: Summer
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Home > Library > Miscellaneous > Wikipedia
For other uses, see Summer (disambiguation).
 Please help improve this article or section by expanding it. Further information might be found on the talk page. (July 2008)
Part of the Nature series
Weather
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Weather portal
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Summer is one of the four temperate seasons, marked by the warmest time of year with the longest days.

A field in summer

The seasons are popularly considered to start on different dates in different cultures. When it is summer in the southern hemisphere it is winter in the northern hemisphere, and vice versa. From a purely astronomical viewpoint, the equinoxes and solstices would be the middle of the respective seasons, but a variable seasonal lag means that the meteorological start of the season, which is based on average temperature patterns, occurs several weeks later than the start of the astronomical season.[1] According to meteorologists, summer extends for the whole months of December, January and February in the southern hemisphere, and the whole months of June, July and August in the northern hemisphere[2]. This meteorological definition of summer also aligns with the commonly viewed notion of summer as the season with the longest (and warmest) days of the year, in which daylight predominates. From the astronomical perspective, days continue to lengthen from equinox to solstice and summer days begin to shorten after the solstice, so meteorological summer encompasses the build-up to the longest day and a diminishing thereafter, with summer having many more hours of daylight than spring.

Today, the meteorological reckoning of the seasons is used in Australia, Denmark and the former USSR; it is also used by many people in the United Kingdom, where summer is thought of as extending from mid-May to mid-August. The definition based on equinoxes and solstices is more frequently used in the United States where many regions have a continental climate with a temperature lag of about six weeks.

Elsewhere, however, the solstices and the equinoxes are taken to mark the mid-points, not the beginnings, of the seasons. In Chinese astronomy, for example, summer starts on or around May 5, with the jiéqì (solar term) known as Lixia (立夏), i.e. "establishment of summer", and it ends on or around August 6. An example of Western usage would be William Shakespeare's A Midsummer Night's Dream, where the play takes place over the shortest night of the year, which is the summer solstice.

In Ireland, the summer months according to the national meteorological service, Met Eireann, are June, July and August. However, according to the Irish Calendar summer begins May 1 and ends July 31. School textbooks in Ireland follow the cultural norm of summer commencing on 1 May rather than the meteorological definition of 1 June.

In southern and southeast Asia, where the monsoon occurs, summer is more generally defined as lasting from March to May/early June, their warmest time of the year, ending with the onset of the monsoon rains.[citation needed]

From a popular culture point of view, in some areas of the United States, summer season is often considered to begin at the Memorial Day weekend (the last Monday in May) and end at the Labor Day weekend (the first Monday in September). Likewise, another set of pop-cultural reference points for summer is the time when elementary and secondary schools close down for the "summer vacation". This period usually lasts from around early to mid June until around late August to early September, depending on where the school is located. In the New York legal community, summer is generally considered to begin when summer associates arrive in April or May. Some people in the United States consider summer the period from the summer solstice to the fall equinox.[3][4][5][6][7][8]

Contents

Activities

Summer in Maceió, Brazil.
Summer

In most countries children are out of school during this time of year for summer holidays, although dates vary. In the Northern Hemisphere, some begin as early as mid-May, although in England and Wales, school ends in mid- to late July. In the Southern Hemisphere, school holiday dates include the major holidays of Christmas and New Year's Day. Summer school holidays in Australia begin a few weeks before Christmas and end in late January to mid-February, with the dates varying in different states.

Gallery

Summer, a fresco by Ambrogio Lorenzetti

An allegory by Giuseppe Arcimboldo

See also

Sister project Wikiquote has a collection of quotations related to: Summer
  • Sumarr, personification of summer in Norse mythology.

References

  1. ^ http://www.straightdope.com/columns/read/161/is-it-true-summer-in-ireland-starts-may-1
  2. ^ Meteorolgical Glossary (Sixth ed.). London: HMSO. 1991. p. 260. ISBN 0-11-400363-7. 
  3. ^ http://www.petoskeynews.com/articles/2009/06/19/coming_up/doc4a3a502e0a8de215951583.txt
  4. ^ http://www.jsonline.com/sports/outdoors/48297387.html
  5. ^ http://www.fox11online.com/dpp/weather/gdw_wluk_green_bay_fathers_day_first_day_summer_200906190659_rev1
  6. ^ http://www.examiner.com/x-5929-Chicago-Home-Improvement-Examiner~y2009m6d19-First-annual-Solar-Day-Sunday-June-21
  7. ^ http://scienceworld.wolfram.com/astronomy/AutumnalEquinox.html
  8. ^ http://scienceworld.wolfram.com/astronomy/SummerSolstice.html
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Seasons
Temperate Seasons
Spring · Summer · Autumn · Winter
Science portal
Tropical Climate Seasons

This entry is from Wikipedia, the leading user-contributed encyclopedia. It may not have been reviewed by professional editors (see full disclaimer)

 
Translations: Summer
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Dansk (Danish)
1.
n. - sommer
v. intr. - tilbringe sommeren
v. tr. - tilbringe sommeren
adj. - sommer-

idioms:

  • high summer    højsommer
  • summer games    sommerlege, sommerolympiade
  • summer house    sommerhus, lysthus
  • summer school    sommerkursus, sommerskole
  • summer time    sommertid, sommersæson

2.
n. - bærebjælke

Nederlands (Dutch)
zomer, zomer doorbrengen

Français (French)
1.
n. - été
v. intr. - passer l'été
v. tr. - (US, Agric) estiver (bétail)
adj. - d'été, estivant

idioms:

  • high summer    plein été
  • summer games    jeux olympiques d'été, jeux d'été
  • summer house    pavillon d'été
  • summer school    université d'été
  • summer time    heure d'été, été

2.
n. - poutre de plancher

Deutsch (German)
1.
n. - Sommer
v. - übersommern
adj. - Sommer-

idioms:

  • high summer    Hochsommer
  • summer games    Sommerspiele
  • summer house    Gartenlaube
  • summer school    Sommerkurs
  • summer time    Sommerzeit, Sommer

2.
n. - Fesnsterträger

Ελληνική (Greek)
n. - θέρος, καλοκαίρι, (μτφ.) ωριμότητα
v. - παραθερίζω, ξεκαλοκαιριάζω
adj. - θερινός, καλοκαιρινός

idioms:

  • high summer    μεσοκαλόκαιρο
  • summer games    θερινοί αγώνες
  • summer house    περίπτερο κήπου
  • summer school    θερινά μαθήματα, θερινό σχολείο
  • summer time    θερινή ώρα

Italiano (Italian)
estate, estivo

idioms:

  • summer games    Olimpiadi estive
  • summer house    alloggio per le vacanze
  • summer school    scuola estiva
  • summer time    estate, ora legale

Português (Portuguese)
n. - verão (m)
v. - veranear
adj. - de verão, estival

idioms:

  • high summer    pleno verão
  • summer games    jogos de verão
  • summer house    casa de verão
  • summer school    curso de verão
  • summer time    verão

Русский (Russian)
лето, период расцвета, процветания, балка, перекладина, проводить лето, пастись в течение лета (о скоте), обеспечивать скот (летними) пастбищами, (аналоговый) сумматор

idioms:

  • high summer    разгар лета
  • summer games    летние спортивные игры
  • summer house    дача, летний домик, садовая беседка, павильон в саду
  • summer school    летние курсы для студентов и всех желающих (при колледже), летние курсы профессионального усовершенствования
  • summer time    стандартное летнее время

Español (Spanish)
1.
n. - verano, estío
v. intr. - veranear, pasar el verano, proteger, querer, ser leal
v. tr. - veranear, pasar el verano
adj. - veraniego, estival

idioms:

  • high summer    la parte más calurosa del verano
  • summer games    juegos de verano
  • summer house    glorieta, cenador
  • summer school    cursos de verano
  • summer time    hora de verano, en el verano

2.
n. - viga maestra, solera, dintel

Svenska (Swedish)
n. - sommar, bärbjälke, huvudbalk
v. - hålla (boskap)över sommaren, hålla på sommarbete
adj. - sommar-, sommarlik

中文（简体）(Chinese (Simplified))
1. 夏天, 壮年, 岁, 全盛期, 夏季放牧, 避暑, 过夏天, 夏季的, 在夏季的

idioms:

  • high summer    隆夏, 盛夏
  • summer games    夏季奥运会
  • summer house    避暑别墅, 凉亭
  • summer school    暑期班, 暑期学校
  • summer time    夏令

2. 大梁, 楣

中文（繁體）(Chinese (Traditional))
1.
n. - 大梁, 楣

2.
n. - 夏天, 壯年, 歲, 全盛期
v. tr. - 夏季放牧
v. intr. - 避暑, 過夏天
adj. - 夏季的, 在夏季的

idioms:

  • high summer    隆夏, 盛夏
  • summer games    夏季奧運會
  • summer house    避暑別墅, 涼亭
  • summer school    暑期班, 暑期學校
  • summer time    夏令

한국어 (Korean)
1.
n. - 여름 , 전성기, 여름철
v. intr. - 피서하다, ~에서 여름을 즐기다
v. tr. - 여름 동안 방목하다
adj. - 여름의, 하계의, 여름철에 꼭 맞는

2.
n. - 대들보, 상인방, 주춧돌

日本語 (Japanese)
n. - 夏, 夏用の, 盛り
adj. - 夏の
v. - 夏を過ごす

idioms:

  • summer games    夏試合
  • summer house    夏の別荘
  • summer school    夏期講座, サマースクール
  • summer time    夏時間

العربيه (Arabic)
‏(الاسم) الصيف (فعل) يصطاف (صفه) صيفي‏

עברית (Hebrew)
n. - ‮קיץ, תקופת שגשוג‬
v. intr. - ‮בילה את הקיץ, קייץ‬
v. tr. - ‮החזיק (משק-החי) בקיץ‬
adj. - ‮קייצי, בקיץ‬
n. - ‮קורת-רוחב התומכת בקורות אחרות‬

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summertree
summery
Austin, Alfred (Quotes By)

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