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John Locke
Among other things, freedom of thought and of conscience.
No, that would be a direct democracy. Locke believed in represenative democracies in which people elected people to represent them.
Self-governing
Plato believed that only philosophers were capable of governing societies.
in governing conquered people the persian were much more humane than the assyrians.
The civil service examination system
Yes.
He says that some people are not capable of self-government and pointed out that the United States already does it with Native Americans.
The southern states believed themselves to be sovereign and thus capable of governing themselves and enacting their own decisions. They did not appreciate the northern states attempting to run the affairs of the states in the south, who did very strongly believe in the doctrine of states' rights. this was a cause of the war.
no
Greek and Enlightenment philosophers believed that humans have the capacity for reason, critical thinking, and self-awareness, which distinguishes them from other creatures. They emphasized the importance of pursuing knowledge, questioning assumptions, and seeking moral and ethical truths to lead a fulfilling life.