It's best never to do this, as microbes begin to multiply as soon as food warms up. I'd be especially unwilling to do this with fish as it goes off so easily. If I absolutely can't use up the food straight away, I cook it thoroughly and then freeze it. This is perfectly safe, though I've no experience of how pleasant cooked fish would be after defrosting.
Yes, many of the companies that sell turkeys put cooking directions on the packaging and you will find both "from frozen" and "thawed" instructions on them.
I wouldn't want to have my body frozen in hopes of being thawed out some day because it does make sense.
No, just the same if a person was frozen then thawed. Not possible for survival.
It isn't generally safe to refreeze raw food. This is especially true for chicken, which is contaminated with salmonella at scary-high rates. If the chicken has thawed, it isn't generally safe to refreeze it and eat it later. This is especially true if it is thawed in room-temperature water rather than being thawed in the refrigerator. Once thawed, the chicken should be cooked fairly quickly. Once cooked, it can then be frozen for later consumption.
Depends on the way you cook it. Or if it is frozen solid or thawed out at all. 7 minutes for frozen solid. 2 and a half minutes for thawed. Test the burger afterward to see if the burger is fully cooked
After being defrosted, frozen foods must be cooked before being re-frozen.
Once frozen, meat should not be refrozen without being cooked first. So if you have thawed 2 pounds of ground beef and then you bake a meatloaf with it, then you can re-freeze the meatloaf. But don't re-freeze the raw hamburger.
About 3 days in the refrigerator.
Yes, although being a liquid it will expand and break the bottle
Any meat may have been contaminated with bacteria such as salmonella before being frozen. Thorough cooking will kill any bacteria present but if the meat is not completely thawed such bacteria may not be brought to a temperature sufficiently high to kill them. Cooking times are based on starting from a raw but unfrozen state. If the meat is still frozen then times recommended will not be sufficient to complete the coking process.
Refreezing meat isn't a good idea. But if you must, the meat should not have been old the first time it was frozen, it should have been thawed under refrigeration and then frozen again shortly after being thawed. Realize that the quality of the meat will be negatively affected. The flavor will likely degrade and the meat will be drier and tougher when cooked.
Ideally this should be cooked within a few days of being thawed or purchased.