Lock and key is an analogy of enzyme catalysis in a cellular reaction. The lock and key are compared directly to the substrate and enzyme, because of the high specificity of their physical shape.
Enzymes participate in the reaction they catalyze.
The reactant molecule (substrate) binds to the enzyme molecule at a particular location called the active site. (this is compared to the lock with keyhole)
The highly specific nature of an enzyme is due to very precisely defined arrangement of atoms in the active site(again, this is the lock in the analogy). The substrate molecule must have a matching shape (here is the key) that will fit into the active site.
The bond breaking and bond forming processes that transform the substrate into products occur while the substrate is bound to the active site of enzyme.
In other words its something like a jigsaw puzzle where the substrate fits into the enzyme. The reaction occurs and the substrate then leaves the enzyme as products.
( Not my work. Found it on Yahoo Answers.....Do not give me credit...Thought I should do this to help people out =] )
Edited answer for readability and clarity - thanks!
ALL enzymes use the lock and key model!
In a model of enzyme action, the enzyme can attach only to a substrate (reactant) with a specific shape. The enzyme then changes and reduces the activation energy of the reaction so reactants can become products. The enzyme is unchanged and is available to be used again.
Extremely high or low pH values or heat generally result in complete loss of activity for most enzymes. They lose the shape that they should be in to fit into the active site. They and the active site work as a lock and key. If the key (or the lock) change shape, the mechanism will not work.
matching of enzyme with the substrate
lock and key
Easily Explained thusly: When the key is in the lock the Enzyme has one Structure, and when the key is not in the lock the Enzyme has another Structure. Note that the presence of a key may either activate or deactivate an Enzyme, depending upon the conditions.
The Key is the substrate while the key is the enzyme. Just finished learning this :)
An enzyme is shaped so that a specific substrate can attatch to it. A lock and a key function in a similar way. Each lock is shaped so that only a certain key can open it.
the answer is lock and key model .
ALL enzymes use the lock and key model!
lock and key theory
Lock and Key hypothesis
enzyme specificity
In a model of enzyme action, the enzyme can attach only to a substrate (reactant) with a specific shape. The enzyme then changes and reduces the activation energy of the reaction so reactants can become products. The enzyme is unchanged and is available to be used again.
It is when the enzyme (lock) fits exactly into the substrate (key) forming an enzyme substrate complex. It refers to enzymes and their substrates. The enzyme has an active site (lock) where the substrate that is complemetary fits in (key). Only substrates that fit perfectly into the enzymes active site will active the particular reaction, just like only 1 specific key will open a door.
Extremely high or low pH values or heat generally result in complete loss of activity for most enzymes. They lose the shape that they should be in to fit into the active site. They and the active site work as a lock and key. If the key (or the lock) change shape, the mechanism will not work.
Induced fit: is a more recent theory which suggests that the substrate attaches to the enzyme in a relatively accurate fit, then the enzyme moulds around it, then continues the chemically complex reaction. Lock and Key Mechanism: As obvious as the name states, the lock and key model is simply the substrate fitting acutely into the enzyme with no adjustments required to the enzyme. K.G. ;)