After the Persian invasion was repelled, Athens led a coalition of cities to oppose Persia from 478 BCE. After thirty years, they cut a peace arrangement with Persia which left Athens in control of 200 Greek city-states it had led against the Persian Empire, and Athens turned this Delian League into an empire of its own, living high off the proceeds.
This led an over-confident Athens into a prolonged war against the other Greek states led by Sparta. This lasted 27 years, and was won by the Spartan-led Peloponnesian League after Persia got its revenge by financing a fleet for the League to defeat Athens' hitherto superior navy.
Greco-Persian Wars .
Athenians main rivals where from Sparta. They fought in the Peloponnesian wars.
After the Persian invasion was turned back Athens formed the Delian League to continue, while Sparta withdrew to deal with its restive serfs at home. Athens progressively exploited and opressed the League and after the Persians agreed to peace, openly turned it into an empire.
Athenians main rivals where from Sparta. They fought in the Peloponnesian wars.
The Athenians converted the Delian League which it had led against the Persians into an empire, and used it to bully the other Greek city-states, leading to the devastating Peloponnesian War and follow-up wars, opening the way for Macedonia to establish control of the weakened cities.
1. The Persians wanted to emforce peace in the region. 2. The Greek city-states wanted to preserve their independence. 3. The Athenians wanted to become dominant and rich in the Greek world.
Segeral city states formed an alliance after the Persian wars to make it possible to combat the Persians.
The Spartans were involved in the Persian Wars, particularly the battle of Thermopylae (where 300 Spartans famously held off the Persians), the Peloponnesian War (against the Athenians), and other minor skirmishes with neighboring city states, which usually ended with the Spartans conquering the other city state.
Make the very small effort required to ask the question in understandable language.
The Athenians , only because they came to grief during the Peloponnesian Wars by overestimating their powers to overwhelm Sparta .
The Athenians were not at Thermopylai. A small Spartan force led about 5,000 warriors from Greek city contingents in helping force a naval battle in the nearby strait. There was no Greek nation to be patriotic about. But half the independent Greek city-states put aside their ongoing wars between each other and combined against the invading Persians out of self interest. The other half of the Greek city-states sided with the Persians.
The Athenians were related to the Ionian cities in Asia Minor, and intervened on their side when they revolted against Persian rule. As a retaliatory target of the Persians, they were most anxious to side with the rest of the southern Greek cities in opposing Persia's attempt to bring all the city-states under control to stop further rebellions.