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No-one did. The system of checks and balance of powers of the Roman Republic was restricted to the executive officers of state (the consuls, praetors, censors, aediles and quaestors). Officers of the same rank could veto each other and officers of higher rank could veto officers of lower rank. The Roman senate was not a legislative body. Bills were submitted by the consuls to the vote of the Assembly of the Soldiers or the Assembly of the Tribes (an assembly of the districts) or by the plebeian tribunes who submitted them to the vote of the Plebeian Council. These were popular assemblies. Thus, the people themselves voted on bills. The senators were not elected. They were drawn for the families of the patrician aristocracy or they were former officers of state. The latter automatically became senators for life. It was an advisory body were policy matters were discussed and which provided advice on bills (senatus consultum) and sometimes issued decrees. It also supervised the treasury. On social matters it represented the interests of the aristocracy. With the increase in Roman military activity and imperial expansion it became the most powerful institution of the Republic. This is because it was a body which was capable of co-ordinating the deployment of several legions on several fronts and of organising the administration of the Roman provinces.

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12y ago

Before the Republican era, the senate, but afterwards it was the Emperor.

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Q: Did the senate control the roman republic?
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What was the name of the main governing council of the roman republic?

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