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Restriction enzymes are a class of enzymes called endonucleases. Endonucleases are able to cut in the middle of the DNA backbone or the phosphodiester bonds. A different class of enzymes called exonucleases cut the DNA backbone, but only from the ends - either from the 3' end or the 5' end.
MOST restriction endonucleases are prokaryotic in origin. However, there are several found in eukaryotic cells, including our own. In eukaryotes they are not referred to as restriction enzymes, just endonucleases. An example of an endonuclease in eukaryotes is Apn1, isolated from yeast. This enzyme helps prevent DNA damage from environmental agents.
Another common enzyme family called the topoisomerases (DNA Gyrase) has endonuclease activity. Topoisomerases prevent the supercoiling of DNA at replication forks, by cutting the backbone, relieving the tension and pasting the ends together again - hence the endonuclease activity.
In prokaryotes, restriction enzymes actually restrict the proliferation of viruses by cleaving their nucleic acids at specific base-pair sequences. These enzymes cut DNA at the exact same sequence no matter which organism the DNA belongs to - that's why they're such powerful tools in genetic engineering. Eukaryotic endonucleases may not all help in restricting invading nucleic acids and in fact perform many distinct "jobs". That is probably why they are never referred to as restriction enzymes.
What else can I help you with?
What is the molecule used to cut the gene from the DNA in an organism?
Restriction endonuclease
Do eukaryotes have restriction endonuclease?
no
Which enzyme do scientist use to cut genes out of strands of DNA?
restriction endonuclease
What is the difference between a restriction enzyme and an endonuclease?
A restriction enzyme is a type of endonuclease. Endonucleases are enzymes that cut DNA at specific sequences, while restriction enzymes specifically cut DNA at recognition sites called restriction sites.
What molecule is uses to cut out a section of DNA?
restriction endonuclease
What is the enzyme that opens up DNA?
restriction endonuclease and exonuclease
When scientist copy DNA what do they have to cut out first?
Restriction endonuclease
What enzyme do scientists use to cut genes out of strands if DNA?
restriction enzymes
What kind of molecule is EcoR1?
EcoR1 is a restriction enzyme (endonuclease), which splits the phosphodiester bonds of the backbone of DNA.
When scientist copy DNA they first have to cut out the part they want to copy what molecule do they use to do this?
Restriction endonuclease.
When scientist copy DNA the first have to cut out the part they want to copy what molecule do they use to do this?
Restriction endonuclease.
When scientist copy DNA they first have to cut out the part they want to copy . What molecule do they use to do this?
Restriction endonuclease.
