It was the first to believe in only one God, and that God isn't a physical figure like a statue or picture. It instead focuses on the spiritual aspect of religion, and ethics, in addition to the ceremonial aspects of worship.
Dictionaries define "Judaism" as The monotheistic religion of the Jews, since the founding principle of Judaism was the unique belief in One ethical God. At the time of Abraham the Hebrew, the world was full of pagan cults; they were polytheistic, worshiping multiple deities and lacking moral character. Their gods were described as adulterers and killers, and their rites were accompanied by things such as human sacrifice, "sacred" prostitution, and animal worship. Abraham was the first to advance the idea of ethical monotheism: the worship of One God, and the appropriate ethical code of conduct.
The main difference between the roman beliefs and the Jewish beliefs were that the Romans always worshiped many Gods and Godesses as well. They had a god ora goddess for everything, King of Gods, beauty, war, sun, messanger of gods and so on. While the Jews did not like it at all. As they worshiped only one God the creator.
Dictionaries define "Judaism" as The monotheistic religion of the Jews, since the founding principle of Judaism was the unique belief in One ethical God. This was the teaching which was spread by Abraham, and has continued since then.
From Judaism, belief in One God has spread through the Western world. It was unlike idolatry, which had tended to go hand in hand with cruel, licentious and excessive behavior, since the caprices which were narrated concerning the idols were adopted as an excuse to imitate those types of behavior.
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"Certainly, the world without the Jews would have been a radically different place. To them we owe the idea of equality before the law, both Divine and human; of the sanctity of life and the dignity of human person; of the individual conscience and of collective conscience, and social responsibility" (Paul Johnson, Christian historian, author of A History of the Jews and A History of Christianity).
All of the above existed in Judaism thousands of years earlier than in other nations. Here's just one example: Infanticide was practiced in classical European nations until Judaism and its daughter-religions put a stop to it.
One of the reasons that the Greeks and Romans hated the Jews was the stark difference of the Jewish practices (and not just the beliefs), as compared to those of the Greeks and Romans. The Jews, by and large, adhered to the practices of the Torah, which calls for kindness, charity, scholarliness, the value of human life, and the abhorrence of promiscuity.
Just a very few examples:
1) Aristotle, who was among the greatest of the Greeks, and Seneca, the famous Roman, both write that killing one's unwanted young babies is perfectly acceptable.
2) In Europe, the Druids practiced human sacrifice throughout Roman Gaul and the British isles. Virgins were sacrificed by casting them into wells.
3) In the Roman cities, the Bacchanalian feasts became so wild that a royal decree was promulgated that they be held outside city limits.
4) Prostitution was a fixed part of temple worship.
5) Children had no rights. In Carthage, babies were sacrificed in fire. Roman law (Patrias Potestas) permitted a man to kill his male descendants of any age and for any reason. Professor and former President of the American Historical Association, William L. Langer (in The History of Childhood), writes: "Children, being physically unable to resist aggression, were the victims of forces over which they had no control, and they were abused in almost unimaginable ways."
6) Under Israelite law, "an eye for an eye" has always meant the monetary value placed upon it by the court (Talmud, Bava Kama 83b). Roman law, however, included literal retaliation (Twelve Tables of Roman Law, 7:9).
7) Romans were killed for the crime of slander (Twelve Tables, 7:8).
8) A Roman could be killed for assembling a noisy crowd at night and disturbing the town (Twelve Tables, 9:6).
Given the vast difference between the two peoples, the Romans found it hard to stomach the kindliness and temperance of the Jews, and they lashed out with physical cruelty as well as slander.
The Romans were polytheistic meaning they worshipped many gods. Judaism was and is monotheistic meaning we worship one G-d, The Creator.
Back when Judaism was first Founded, all other religions were polytheistic. Judaism was monotheistic.
Christianity.
When Judaism was founded, and for centuries following, all other peoples worshiped idols, many deities, physical images. Judaism preached the worship of the one God.
Unlike other religions, Judaism is not centralised and there is no one leader.
Judaism was the only belief that abhorred idolatry.
The term "true god" typically refers to a belief in a singular, all-powerful deity that is considered to be the ultimate source of truth and spiritual guidance in a particular religious tradition. It often represents the idea of an authentic or genuine divine being that adherents worship and follow in their faith practices.
Zoroastrianism, Judaism, Christianity, Islam, and Sikhism are the better known monotheistic religions.
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No. It is the text of Islam (Muslims). Other texts such as the Bible and Torah are used in other religions such as Christianity and Judaism.
Spiritual leaders are called Rabbis. The person who leads prayers during religious services are called cantors. Judaism is not a centralised religion and doesn't have the hierachy associated with other religions.
Christianity and Islam are the two major ones, but there have been several other offshoots of Judaism.
The Middle East is the birthplace of all three Abrahamic Religions, Judaism, Christianity, and Islam. Along with other religions such as Bahá'í, Druze, Yazidi, and Zoroastrianism.