Sounds like it is a 220-240 Volt hot water heater. The black and red are connected to the 220 volts supply and the white is connected to Neutral. At the breaker panel red and black connect to the 2-pole 220 volt breaker and white goes to the neutral bus bar.
If both wires are black then the one with the writing is the neutral wire. If the two wires are black and white then the white one is the neutral.
It is because the nec standard.
If both wires are black, the one that connects to your white wire is the one that should have little writing on it. Black to the plain black wire, white to the wire with writing.
If this is a home wiring question and the wires are black and white then black is Hot and white is Neutral. If you also have a red wire, it is the other hot wire, and either the black or the red wire to the white one would be 120 volts, and red to black would be 240 volts.
Assuming the wires are the correct gauge for application and breaker you use black and white wires as hot. Put red electrical tape on each end of white wire and connect red and black to the breaker output and bare wire to ground lug in panel. At receptacle connect black and red to hot contacts and bare wire to ground lug.
In the heater you will have two wires. You should then have 2 supply wires from the panel, and 2 wires from the thermostat. The neutral (white) supply wire should go to one of the wires on the heater. The hot (black) supply wire should connect to one wire from the thermostat. The other wire from the thermostat will connect to the other wire from the heater.
Connect to two wires you have to the the spade connectors and forget the ground connector. The spade connector wires should be black and white. Black to gold and white to silver. If the wires coming from the heater happen to be red and white, then red goes to black. You could buy a simple lamp cord which has only tow wires.
4 wires, the black ones are the O2 heater (on the sensor side), the white and green are the O2 sensor itself
the water heater operates at high power compared to the lights and so the water heater requires a larger current. The wires supplying current to the water heater are thicker so that the wires have a low resistance. This reduces the risk of the wires overheating.
The black wires are the heater wires, the white wire is the signal wire and the green is the ground wire.
BLACK WIRES=HEATER CIRCUIT WHITE WIRE=SENSOR GROUND BLUE WIRE=SENSOR PLUS VOLVOKAHUNA.COM
It means that the wires has different colors on it. I have an awkward family
I am guessing that your 3 wires are black (hot), white (neutral) and bare or green wire (ground). Connect black to black, white to white and ground wire to the metal case of swag kit.
Should be 220 to 240 V between Red and Black and 1110 to 120 V between Red and White and between Black and White.
the two white wires. one is for lambda heater.along with the grey wire.the other white wire is lambda itself it gets its earth from the exhaust. and the black wire is the signal wire
From your description it seems the white wire is a neutral and may be required for the controls. Typically the black and red wires provide 240v power to the heater. I've never seen a water heater with a 4th wire but ranges very often have a neutral because accessories such as lights and the timer run only on 120v. It may also be that you can connect the water heater to more than one voltage. I wouldn't know without looking at it or the paperwork. You need a competent electrician to look at it for you.
White to neutral, black to line, gray to fan and purple to fan.