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Memory in a computer system is divided into segments. The logical size of these segments varies from system to system, and from operating system to operating system. Each of these segments is assigned a unique address, which is called a memory address.

Memory addresses are commonly represented in hexadecimal format on modern computer systems. Generally speaking, many recent 32-bit operating systems, such as Microsoft Windows XP, are able to assign 32-bit memory addresses, which is 2^32 unique addresses, or 4,294,967,295 different memory locations. Each memory address (also known as memory blocks) points to one byte of data (or storage space) within the memory system. Thus, most 32-bit operating systems utilizing 32-bit memory addressing are limited to 4GB of total memory, since memory capacity beyond this has no way to be assigned an address.

Newer 64-bit operating systems, such as Windows 7 x64, that use a 64-bit memory addressing scheme (2^64) are able to address up to 16 exabytes of memory. (Note that this is considered practically unlimited in the terms of current computer memory usages.)

Thus, when a program issues a command for the CPU to recover data or instructions from memory, the CPU will locate the correct data location using the memory address assigned to the requested data. In most modern operating systems, the actual physical assignment of data and / or instructions in memory is controlled by the operating system itself.

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13y ago
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7y ago

It depends on which level you mean. If you mean in terms of long-term storage, that would be the hard drive. But if you mean the instructions and data of currently running programs, that would be mostly the system's random access memory (RAM). Some data is also stored in the CPU itself in the caches, which is also a type of RAM.

So the most likely answer here would be in RAM.

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13y ago

cache memory

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Q: How does the CPU find data and instructions stored in memory?
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