400
Argon, krypton and xenon are separated from the Dewar's coconut charcoal. As the temperature is raised, Argon comes out at -120oC, Krypton at -80oC and xenon at 0oC
15 metric tons of water equates to 3,960.4 US gallons.It really depends on the temperature of the water. Gallons are a measure of volume, which depends on density; tonnes are a measure of mass, which doesn't. The density of water changes with temperature.At 4oC 15 tonnes of water (15 000 kg) has a volume of 15.0004 m3At 20oC 15 tonnes of water has a volume of 15.0269 m3At 30oC 15 tonnes of water has a volume of 15.0655 m3At 80oC 15 tonnes of water has a volume of 15.4353 m315.0004 m3 is 3299.6 imperial gallons (3962.7 US gallons)15.4353 m3 is 3395.3 imperial gallons (4077.6 US gallons)
200
sometimes rains AND MOSTLY WARM WHEN ITS WARM PROBABLY 80oC
80oC = 175oF = 353.1oK = 64o Reaumur. See link for all other temperatures
Egg white becomes irreversibly altered when heated above about 62oC, and becomes semi solid at 80oC.
Argon, krypton and xenon are separated from the Dewar's coconut charcoal. As the temperature is raised, Argon comes out at -120oC, Krypton at -80oC and xenon at 0oC
15 metric tons of water equates to 3,960.4 US gallons.It really depends on the temperature of the water. Gallons are a measure of volume, which depends on density; tonnes are a measure of mass, which doesn't. The density of water changes with temperature.At 4oC 15 tonnes of water (15 000 kg) has a volume of 15.0004 m3At 20oC 15 tonnes of water has a volume of 15.0269 m3At 30oC 15 tonnes of water has a volume of 15.0655 m3At 80oC 15 tonnes of water has a volume of 15.4353 m315.0004 m3 is 3299.6 imperial gallons (3962.7 US gallons)15.4353 m3 is 3395.3 imperial gallons (4077.6 US gallons)
Thermophiles can grow at 55oC or higher, optimum often between 55 and 65oC. A few thermophile can grow at 90oC or above and some have maxima above 100oC. Procaryotes that have growth optim between 80oC and about 113oC are called hyperthermophiles. They usually do not grow well below 55oC.
5.85 gWe have to use Q = m s @Q - heat energy in joule ie 65.5 Js - specific heat capacity ie 0.140 J/g/C@ = @2 - @1 = 100 - 20 = 80 CJust plug and you get the above 5.85 g nearlyAdd:Q = m•C•Δt, where Q is heat added, m is mass in grams, C is specific heat, and Δt is change in temperature.Known:Q = 65.5 JoulesC = 0.140 J/g•oCΔt = 100oC-20oC = 80oCUnknown: mass of mercury in gramsSolutionm = Q/C•Δtm = 65.5 J/(0.140 J/g•oC)(80oC) = 6 grams (rounded to 1 significant figure)
There are several methods for discussion read - I. Leguerinel, , I. Spegagne, O. Couvert, S. Gaillard and P. Mafart (2004) "Validation of an overall model describing the effect of three environmental factors on the apparent D-value of Bacillus cereus spores"International Journal of Food Microbiology Volume 100, Issues 1-3, 15 April 2005, Pages 223-229
I would guess that the first careful measurements that are ever referenced were performed by Jacques Charles. In 1787 he did an experiment where he filled 5 balloons with with equal volumes of oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen, carbon dioxide, and air and he heated them all to 80oC. He noticed that all five balloons increased in volume by the exact same amount, but never published his results. Charles' law (which describes the relationship between the volume of a gas and its temperature) was actually developed by Guy-Lussac, but named after Charles because of this initial unpublished experiment. It could also be Boyle.
Depends on the type of bacteria. Mesophiles (the most common and commonly cultured) grow optimally at 37* Celsius (or around there, depending on the type). Thermophiles (heat loving bacteria) grow well around 60-80* C, and Psychrophiles (cold loving bacteria) grow around 15* Celsius.
A2. Protecting yourself from low ambient temperatures - at least down to about -80oC is relatively simple.Just have multiple layers of windproof clothes that are also insulating against heat loss. Down jackets and so on. Face protection below about -20oC. Below about -30oC you'll need to move towards thermal footwear of some sort.Protecting against high ambient temperatures is much more difficult. Whilst protecting against temperatures 100 deg below normal is feasible, one cannot consider protecting against temps 100 deg above normal.The deep gold mines of the Witwatersrand extend to about 4000m below the surface. These are extremely hot, and even with giant air conditioning plants, the working temperature is about 43oC. These mines are necessarily humid as well, and the miners have to go through a rigorous selection process to find those who can work at these elevated temperatures and humidity.Provided one is not actually working, and given a lower humidity, then a little over 50oC is a reasonable maximum. Temperatures greater than 70oC are fatal, due to failure of human thermoregulation.One job that requires work at very high temperatures is the renewal of refractory linings in steel making furnaces. One has to remove the old fire brick lining, and build a new one. This work can be 'spelled' in short spurts, but even so is perilous work.