How many individual Crusades are mentioned?

Answer 1

The crusades were a series of military expeditions launched by Christians living in Europe with the ultimate goal of conquering the Holy Land. The first crusade was launched in 1095 and was a complete success, conquering the entirety of modern day Israel, Palestine, and Lebanon. The Arabs living in the Middle East launched their own military operations in retaliation and eventually reconquered the lost territory. The eight subsequent crusades were organized with the goal of regaining the territory lost after the First Crusade. The ninth and final crusade was launched in 1271. The end of the crusades also coincided with a series of wars fought against the Ottoman Turks as they expanded into Europe. European and Christian leaders routinely called for crusades after 1271 in order to turn back the Ottoman advance. Several other crusades were launched in Europe in order to reconquer Spain or defeat pagans in Northern Europe.

Answer 2

The crusades were a series of military expeditions launched by Christians living in Europe with the ultimate goal of conquering the Holy Land. The first crusade was launched in 1095 and was a complete success, conquering the entirety of modern day Israel, Palestine, and Lebanon. The Arabs living in the Middle East launched their own military operations in retaliation and eventually reconquered the lost territory. The eight subsequent crusades were organized with the goal of regaining the territory lost after the First Crusade. The ninth and final crusade was launched in 1271. The end of the crusades also coincided with a series of wars fought against the Ottoman Turks as they expanded into Europe. European and Christian leaders routinely called for crusades after 1271 in order to turn back the Ottoman advance. Several other crusades were launched in Europe in order to reconquer Spain or defeat pagans in Northern Europe.