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They are two different nations, with different religions and languages. The Phoenicians were a Canaanite (Hamitic) people and remained idolaters, while the Hebrews are Semites (see Genesis ch.10), and according to tradition became monotheistic from the time of Abraham onward.

An historical view:

Both were Semetic peoples.

The Phoenicians were organised as a series of independent city-states in Lebanon, western Syria and their colony Carthage in North Africa.

The Hebrews were a dozen hill tribes from the Judean hills who expanded into Palestine and formed two kingdoms - ten tribes were the Kingdom of Israel and two the Kingdom of Judea.

The Phoenicians were sea traders. The Hebrews were farmers.

The Phoenicians had multiple gods as did the other civilisations at the time.

The Hebrews also had multiple gods but moved on from Solomon's 'many gods in his house' to the 7th Century Judean move towards monotheism by centralising religion in the temple at Jerusalem to overcome the other gods.

Both were absorbed into the empires which arose from - Israel into the Assyrian Empire in the 8th Century BCE, Judea into the Babylonian Empire 6th Century BCE, both into the Persian Empire 6th Century BCE.

The Phoenicians had retained their trading and sea power and were a major part of the Persian navy.

The Hebrews remained agricultural and were such a source of trouble that the aristocracies of both Israel and Judea were deported to Assyria and Babylon respectively, and replaced by foreign ones to keep them quiet. When the Persians allowed the Judean aristocracy to return to Judea they brought back with tem the Babylonian idea of an afterlife which continued to divide the Jewish people for centuries thereafter.

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Q: How were the Phoenicians and the Hebrews different?
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