White wine vinegar is the better substitute for rice vinegar.
Vinegar
Greece
Salt &vinegar
Vinaigrette is a combination of herbs, oil and vinegar. You can substitute wine for the vinegar, but you still need some oil and perhaps some herbs in addition to the basic salt/pepper/garlic notes. In most cases a three to one mix of oil (usually olive oil) and vinegar will make a nice quick vinaigrette. However, wine is less sharp than vinegar, so a two to one or even one to one may give you a better flavor. I'd start with a one to three ration and then add wine until I got to the flavor/sharpness I wanted.
no
Recipes call for white balsamic vinegar because it will not change the colour of the other ingredients (such as scallops). If you do not have it, substitute with white wine vinegar and a pinch of sugar.
Vinegar reacts with metals, that we never see vinegar in metal containers.
You cannot usually substitute balsamic vinegar for cider vinegar. The flavor profiles are quite different. However the chemical properties are similar, so the actual answer depends on the particular situation.
Because they taste better if they have vinegar.
Neither is better or worse. Just different.
Yes, it will have the same acidic effect in the recipe. It won't have the flavors normally associated with the cider vinegar. Wine vinegar or even lemon juice may be a better choice, depending upon what you are making.
It could be used depending on what you are baking. A better substitute would be Stevia.