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The distance of Proxima Centauri is about 4.4 light years ... roughly (186,252 mi/sec times 31,536,000 sec) = 2.469 x 1013 miles. Taking the earth's average distance from the sun as 93,000,000 miles, the visual apparent maximum angular separation at the distance of the Alpha Centauri system is tan-1(9.3x107/2.47x1013) = tan-1(3.77x10-6) = 2.16x10-4 degrees = 0.78 arc seconds Granted, these numbers are all very rough, but the answer is certainly good to within less than an order of magnitude. From the distance of even the nearest star, you'd have to be pretty clever to detect the presence of planets bound to the sun.

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Q: If you observed the solar system from the nearest star 1.3 parsecs what would the maximum angular separation be between the earth and the sun?
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