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No, of course not.

Claim Made by Conspiracy Theorists

Those who make the claim usually center on three distinct elements:

1) History of Imperialism: This holds that there is a drive by Westerners to prevent the realization of a united Arab polity. The argument holds that if Syria is weakened militarily, it will be in a much weaker economic, political, and social position. Additionally, it is argued that Western powers want access to Syria because of its resources.

2) Iranian-American Proxy War: This holds that Iran and the US are going to war in a number of different places by mobilizing different armies to fight for them. The Israel-Hezbollah War in 2006 and the current Syrian Civil War are outgrowths of the proxy war.

3) Israeli Desire to Retain the Golan: Israel is required by UNSC Resolution 242 to return the Golan Heights to Syria in response to a peace treaty between the countries. Netanyahu and Assad were in negotiations in 2011 to resolve this issue before the Syrian Civil War broke out.

Refutation of Claim Made

However, each of these arguments is (1) circumstantial and (2) divorced from the actual events going on in Syria. Concerning Imperialism, while the West continues to interact with the Arab countries in a non-equal manner, such as not recognizing an Arab Common Market and conducting diplomacy with each Arab country as the entire European Union, European nations have not put boots in the ground in Syria, nor have they made significant contributions to any of the parties in the conflict. There are also minimal natural or strategic resources in Syria and most European governments did quite well with Assad for what minimal benefits Syria could provide, further demonstrating why political imperialism was not necessary. Concerning the Iranian-American proxy war, the United States has only supported the Free Syrian Army with words and slogans, not actual funds, so it cannot be said that they are a US proxy. Concerning Israel and the Golan Heights, not even the regime argues that its opponents (who it has characteristically labeled as "Zionist Western Usurper Terrorists") are interested in derailing negotiations with Israel. Israel and the Israeli public actually preferred Assad in power since he was the evil they knew as opposed to the evil that they did not know (any new Syrian government). Additionally, since any other Syrian regime would be more hostile to Israel (either because of the greater anti-Zionist stance of the population in a democracy or the anti-Zionist views of Islamists), Israel has little interest in replacing a "peaceful" anti-Zionist Assad with a probably militant anti-Zionist new Syria.

Actual Causes of the Conflict

The actual case is that the Syrian Civil War is a direct result of conditions within Syria finally coming to the boiling point. The Syrian people historically opposed the Assad dynasty and this culminated in the Hama Massacre in which 10,000-40,000 Syrians were brutally murdered by Hafez Assad. This act of cruelty and barbarity inflamed anti-regime passions but also crushed any hope that they might have for success. Hope for changes in Syria was rekindled by the Arab Spring's successes in Tunisia and Egypt in overthrowing their dictators.

The situation would have remained peaceful, but like Libya, the government decided to use military force to repress the protesters. Unfortunately while the Libyans received military assistance from the West leading to a short and quick war to assert popular authority over a ruthless dictator, the Syrians were not lucky enough to get to get Westerners to help them in securing democracy. This happened for two main reasons: the Syrians took to arms one week after NATO forces had committed to Libya, making them more resistant to committing to fight a new conflict in Syria and Syria lacks the oil and natural gas resources that served as effective motivation to bring stability to Libya. The lack of Western involvement in Syria has led to the escalation of the conflict since neither side has a clear advantage. This has only been exacerbated by Iranian support for the Regime, Saudi support for the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant, and Turkish support for the Free Syrian Army. If anything, it is a Middle Eastern proxy war between Iran, Saudi Arabia, and Turkey for control of the Islamic Middle East being waged in Syria.

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Q: Is the Syrian Civil War a Western and-or Zionist Conspiracy?
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