Shortcrust pastry is classically made without raising agents - just plain flour, butter, salt and water.
Its raising agent is the high water content, which boils during cooking, puffing out the pastry. Unlike puff pastry, it uses eggs.
Baking soda
Choux pastry primarily uses steam as its raising agent. When the dough is baked, the moisture inside turns to steam, causing the pastry to puff up and create a hollow interior. Additionally, the eggs in the dough contribute to the structure and stability of the pastry as it rises.
Water (or steam). A suet pastry is similar to other pastries except that it uses beef fat or suet. The fat creates layers in the pastry, which can then separate and rise from steam when baked.
You can make a shortcrust-like pastry with self-raising flour, however it will have more of a cakey consistency than a normal pastry consistency. If your only option is to make the pastry with self-raising flour, remember to roll the pastry thinner than usual to negate the rising effect.
A tortilla is a flatbread; it does not have a raising agent.
as a binding agent
No.
Make sure that the ingredients are cold and don't over mix them. The idea is to work the dough into pea size pieces with a fork or a pastry cutter as quickly as possible.
Bread made with a raising agent is called leavened bread or yeast bread.
the name given to the mixture of flour raising agent and liquid is dough.
sure is dudes :)