There was no one developer and it has been practiced for at least as long as we have historical records of, which is about 5,000 years ago.
In the Vedantic tradition it was taught to several sages by Shiva.
That said, the basic premise of meditation is that when one sits down and tries to add up the sum of his being, the sum doesn't equal the parts. When one realizes that not my body, nor mind, nor environment, etc. are the same as before in my life, but yet "I" apparently still feel like "I." Then they began to reflect on the question, "who then, is this "I?"
Thus people probably naturally began to introspect on this theme.
dhikr :)
After Pranayama practice it should be followed by meditation for 15 to 30 minutes for effective yoga practice. If meditation is practices after prnayama practice ,thenit is named as pranayama meditation.
Meditation is a mental technique that involves focusing the mind and reducing mental chatter, in order to cultivate inner peace, relaxation, and increased mindfulness. There are many different types of meditation, including mindfulness meditation, loving-kindness meditation, and visualization meditation, to name a few.
Before british invasion hindu used to practice meditation every day. It was part of education system. But after the invasion meditation was uprooted by british people. Replacing it by their education system.
meditation
The Taoists practice many meditation techniques, each with different names.
Monks attempt to meditate all the time. Of course, they only practice formal meditation for so many hours during the day, but they attempt to carry the peaceful, concentrated mind developed during formal meditation with them in all their activities.
do you mean cramping?
Your consciousness improves naturally after enough practice. Simple.
A group of like minded people that meet up and practice meditation together on a regular basis.
Meditation was around before buddhism was even founded. Anyone is welcome to practice meditation, whether you have a religion or not. It all depends on the choice of the person, meditation can be used as prayer, a time to think, empty the mind, etc... so if someone finds meditation useful for them they are welcome to use it. For the same reasons that buddhist's use it for or not. Hope that helped.
The Dewey Decimal number for meditation is typically in the 200s, specifically around 291.4 to 296.6, depending on the specific focus or practice of meditation.