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Chemistry is the study of matter, including its composition and structure, its

physical properties, and its reactivity. There are many ways to study chemistry, but,

we traditionally divide it into five fields: organic chemistry, inorganic chemistry,

biochemistry, physical chemistry, and analytical chemistry.

Analytical chemistry is often described as the area of chemistry responsible

for 1. Characterizing the composition of matter, both qualitatively and quantitatively,

Improving established analytical methods, 3. Extending existing analytical

methods to new types of samples, and 4. Developing new analytical methods for

measuring chemical phenomena.

  1. Measurements in Analytical Chemistry

Units of Measurement

A measurement usually consists of a unit and a number expressing the quantity

of that unit. We may express the same physical measurement with different units,

which can create confusion.

To ensure consistency, and to avoid problems, scientists use a common set of

fundamental units. These units are called SI units after the Système International

d’Unités. Sometimes it is preferable to express measurements without the

exponential term, replacing it with a prefix (Table 1.1). A mass of 1×10–15 g, for

example, is the same as 1 fg, or femtogram

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Lili

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2y ago

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How can one determine the activity coefficient in a solution?

The activity coefficient in a solution can be determined by measuring the concentration of the solute and the solvent, and using equations that relate the activity coefficient to these concentrations. Experimental methods such as vapor pressure measurements or conductivity measurements can also be used to determine the activity coefficient.


What is the difference between concentration and activity?

Activity and Concentration • Activity - "effective concentration" • Ion-ion and ion-H2O interactions (hydration shell) cause number of ions available to react chemically ("free" ions) to be less than the number present • Concentration can be related to activity using the activity coefficient γ, where [a] = γ (c) we assume that activity, a, is equal to concentration, c, by setting γ = 1 when dealing with dilute aqueous solutions. But ions don't behave ideally . . . • Concentration related to activity using the activity coefficient γ, where [a] = γ (c) • The value of γ depends on: - Concentration of ions and charge in the solution - Charge of the ion - Diameter of the ion Activity coefficient γz → 1 as concentrations → 0


What are the four factors that effect enzyme activity?

The four factors that affect enzyme activity are temperature, pH, substrate concentration, and the presence of inhibitors or activators. Temperature and pH can alter the enzyme's shape, while substrate concentration determines the rate of reaction. Inhibitors and activators can either decrease or increase enzyme activity, respectively.


What effect enzymes activity?

Temperature, pH, substrate concentration


What are 3 things that can alter enzyme activity?

1. Temperature. 2. P.H level. 3. Enzyme concentration


How do you calculate the activity coefficient in a solution?

To calculate the activity coefficient in a solution, you can use the Debye-Hckel equation. This equation takes into account the charges and sizes of ions in the solution, as well as the temperature and ionic strength. By plugging in these values, you can determine the activity coefficient, which represents the deviation of the solution from ideal behavior.


What may affect enzyme activity?

Temperature, pH, salt concentration


3 factors that influence enzyme activity?

The three main factors that affect enjyme activity are:- a)Temperature:Enzymes generally function properly at a narrow rangr of temperature and shows its highest activity t a particular temperature called its optimum temperature. b)pH:-as temperature pH also has a particular value ,in which the enzymes are most active,called the optimum temperature. c)Concentration of substrate;-with the increase in substrate concentration,the velocity of the enzymatic reaction also increases,till a maximum velocitywhich does not rise any further with the rise in substrate concentration.


Some factors that may influence enzyme activity?

A low temperature can slow down enzyme activity and high temperatures can denature an enzyme making it unusable. pH levels also affect enzyme activity. Every cell has an ideal temperature and pH


What are two factors that influence enzyme activity?

Concentration of the enzyme or it's substrate and the temperature.


What are factors affecting enzyme activity?

Concentration ( enzyme to substrate ), temperature and pH.


What is the independent variable between temperature and enzyme activity?

To find out how enzyme concentration affects the activity of the enzyme you must:vary the concentration of the enzyme, by preparing different concentrations (keeping the volume of solution the same)keep the temperature, substrate concentration and pH constantmeasure the activity of the enzyme at each concentrationHow the enzyme activity is measured will depend on the specific enzyme involved.You need to have plenty of substrate (excess substrate) so it doesn't run out during the experiment.In this type of experiment, the enzyme activity is the dependent variable, the temperature, pH and substrate concentration are control variables and the enzyme concentration is the independent variable.