Jesus was charged with blasphemy for claiming to be God. ref Leviticus 24:16
" And he that blasphemeth the name of the Lord, he shall surely be put to death, and all the congregation shall certainly stone him: as well the stranger, as he that is born in the land, when he blasphemeth the name of the Lord, shall be put to death"
The Jews are blamed for the death of Jesus because it was the Jewish religious leaders who manipulated Herod and Pilate into crucifying Jesus by charging Jesus with breaking certain Jewish laws making him worthy of death. The Romans would have rather released Jesus that day and crucified Barabbas. But the Jewish mobs at the behest of the Jewish leaders clamored for the release of Barabbas and the crucifixion of Jesus.
The Jewish leaders that interpret God's will are called Mashiach.
There is not now ... nor has there ever been since the split into two kingdoms in the 'old testament' ... any single leader of the Jewish people. Without trying to be cute about it, it is completely accurate to say that the primacy of human leaders has always been de-emphasized in Judaism ... by the leaders themselves when they did exist ... and the point consistently hammered that the only leader of the Jewish people is the Creator of the Universe Himself.
The Kohenim (priests), however, they weren't leaders of the Jewish people, they were in charge of the Temple.
This is the Old Testament
Jewish people worship in a synagogue, the real Jewish people follow the Torah-the Old Testament is from that.
Jesus' followers did not want him to be crucified. Jesus, himself, did not entirely want to be crucified, but he saw the necessity of it and allowed himself to endure the pain for the greater good.
Pontius Pilate was the one who gave the order that Jesus be crucified; he was Roman, and not Jewish.However, he did so at the request of the Jewish high priests.
A Jewish "leader" is a Rabbi which means teacher.
The New Testament and Old Testament. The Old Testament contains Jewish/Christian material, and the New Testament is all about Jesus.
The New Testament refers to the leaders as "Jewish" simply because they taught the Torah, or the Bible for Judaism. On the contrary, when it was said Jesus was "stoned" by the Jews, it was the people that didn't believe in the aspects of the Son of God, or didn't think about their beliefs that much. Jewish leaders questioned him by saying he was a devil that casted out devils, called him a prophet, called him a man, and of course stoned and mocked him according to the New Testament. Mocking included saying things like, "If you be God, just tell us," or "If you be God, do this." But it is important to keep in mind that nothing was truly "unfair" to Christ in a Christian standpoint, since it is believed that He is the light of this world and how we comprehend it.
No, Jews do not accept the validity of both the Christian Old and New Testaments. The Jewish Bible is called the Tanach which is what the Old Testament was based on.