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There were great debates during the Constitutional Convention about adding a "Bill of Rights" which would explicitly list certain inviolable rights held by the people.

The Federalist position was that the Constitution allowed governments only a very few (eighteen to be exact) "Enumerated Powers" that the Federal government would be allowed to do. There was no need for a bill of rights to ban the government from doing things that the Constitution didn't allow them to do anyway. Most governmental authority would be retained at the state or local level. (In fact, when I was young, (in the 1950's and 1960's) the common phrase "Don't make a Federal case out of it!" meant not to exaggerate a problem; that most problems were amenable to local solutions.) The Federalist position was pretty well laid out in a series of semi-anonymous newspaper and magazine articles that were later consolidated into "The Federalist Papers".

The Anti-Federalists claimed that EVERY government ever invented exceeds its legal authority, and that as a final backstop for freedom, there needed to be certain explicit rights of the citizens. Their articles and pamphlets were consolidated into the "Anti-Federalist Papers". (Both are linked below.)

To reach an agreement, the first ten amendments to the Constitution were the "Bill of Rights", listing specific rights that all citizens would always possess. But to bring the two sides together, the Ninth and Tenth Amendments restate the original Federalist idea that the government would have no right to do those things anyway.

Article the eleventh [Amendment IX]

The enumeration in the Constitution, of certain rights, shall not be construed to deny or disparage others retained by the people.

Article the twelfth [Amendment X]

The powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the States, are reserved to the States respectively, or to the people.

In the final analysis, the Federalists were probably right; the courts routinely treat the Bill of Rights as the ONLY prohibition to government actions. But in truth, about 95% of what the US government does is probably unconstitutional. Without an explicit "Bill of Rights", the courts would be more willing to impose the actual limits contained within the Constitution itself.

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Q: What addition did many delegates feel was necessary to make the constitution complete?
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Related questions

When the US Constitution was complete three delegates refused to sign it because it did not have?

Bill of Rights, so they added the Bill of Rights.


What did the delegates do to complete the process of writting the constitution?

On September 17, 1787, the Constitution was completed, followed by a speech given by Benjamin Franklin, who urged unanimity. THEN they signed it.


When was the Constitution complete and sign by its writers on?

September 17, 1787


What was the date the constitution was sign?

CreatedJune-July 1776RatifiedJuly 4, 1776LocationEngrossed copy: National ArchivesRough draft: Library of CongressAuthorsThomas Jefferson et al.Signatories56 delegates to theContinental CongressPurposeTo announce and explain separation from Great Britain[1]


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The U.S. Constitution was complete in 1787.


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The delegates of the first continental congress hoped to accomplish a resolution with England. Some delegates wanted a complete separation, while others sought legislative parity.


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