First, there is no such thing as "Muslim trade" or "Islamic trade". Muslims, as people, have no special advantages or disadvantages in terms of engaging in commerce of any kind and the religion of Islam actually delimits the kinds of commercial interaction that Muslims can have. (One can read further on the limits of commercial and insurance interaction that Islamic Law imposes in this Related Question: What is the law behind life insurance in Islam?)
However, the early Islamic Caliphates, such as the Umayyad Caliphate, the Abbassid Caliphate, and several subsequent empires did have several advantages as came to trade by dint of their imperial presence. These advantages would include:
Strategic Territory: The Islamic Caliphates effectively controlled and ruled over the Middle East. This put them in the strategic intermediate territory between the Far East and Europe, allowing them to oversee trade between these regions.
Valuing Commerce: The various Islamic Caliphates put a high value on mercantile behavior and the exchange of goods and services (especially when contrasted with Eastern Asia, where mercantile behavior was negatively viewed as charging money for creating nothing). Since the Islamic Caliphates valued trade, they spent money on building roads, supporting trade parties with military escorts, and building large bazaars for the exchange of goods within their realms.
Prominent Evangelism Envoys: Since the Islamic Caliphates were supposed to be pious states, they sent out evangelists to the all of the peoples that they could reach. In order to sweeten the allure of conversion, these envoys were almost always accompanied by merchants promising (and delivering) technological wonders, unique products, and improvements for the locals. Regardless of whether the locals converted, they did enjoy the products brought to them and wanted to continue trade relations with the Islamic Caliphates.
Factors that made Muslim trade stronger included the spread of the Arabic language, Muslim rulers providing merchants with coins for buying and selling goods, and Muslim merchants keeping detailed records of their business deals and the money they made. In Addition: When Muslim empires expanded, they spread the Arabic language. As a result, Arabic became the language of trade. Muslim rulers also made trade easier by providing merchants with coins.
The Umayyads moved the capitol from Medina to Damascus. They also embraced open commercial and trade markets, promoted the arts and sciences, and established a strong internal infrastructure.
What economic factors helped strong monarchies develop? A centralized systems of taxation. Fostering trade, both internally and externally. Feudal aristocracy Stable and centralized governments
The Muslim scholars formulated trade and economic rules and provided guidance in the field of trade and economics.
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This entirely depends on the era of the trade routes in question. In the early Islamic period, the trade routes were primarily between Arabian cities. When the Muslim empires began to occupy a much larger stretch of the world, these trade routes began to encompass the entire Middle East to India and Southeast Asia and much of East Africa as well. Muslim trade routes from North Africa crossed the Sahara into West Africa. The Mediterranean was also a bustling trade area between Muslim states and Christian ones in Europe.
The two factors that made Italy an ideal location were access to trade and a strong military expanded throughout the Mediterranean.
The Muslim rulers gave their merchants coins to help trade.