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Somalia is the most obvious example, with a single ethnic group, speaking Somali. It is an East Cushitic language.

Ethiopia is the next most obvious. Ethiopia had the only written African languages (not including Ancient Egyptian). It has multiple ethnic groups (including somalis, and tigrinya below), but there is a clear dominant one, who speak Amharic. Amharic is also known as Ethiopian. Amharic is a Semitic language, which means it is a relative of Arabic and Hebrew. It is much more common than Hebrew.

Eritrea broke away from Ethiopia in the recent past. Eritrea has no official language, but Eritrea's dominant language is Tigrinya. Tigrinya is closely related to Ethiopia's Amharic, and uses the same African alphabet.

In Rwanda, everyone speaks Rwandan, whether they are Hutus or Tutsis.

Neighbouring Burundi, speaks the closely related Kirundi language.

Lesotho is a small country completely surrounded by South Africa. It's language is Sesotho, also known as South Sotho. It is a Bantu language.

Swaziland, is a similar country, almost completely surrounded by South Africa. It's language is Swazi. It is also a Bantu language.

Zimbabwe's official language is Shona, spoken by about 80% of the population. It's also a Bantu language.

Botswana's dominant language is Tswana, also a Bantu language. It represents about 80% of the population.

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Q: What are the African countries with one dominant African language?
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