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The chemical energy in the fuel flows to the engines, which combine the carbon and hydrogen in the fuel with oxygen from the air, to produce heat, carbon dioxide and steam. The heat produces kinetic energy in the hot exhaust gases which leave the engine at high speed. The reaction drives the plane forward and it accelerates, gathering kinetic energy. After takeoff the aircraft rises and gathers potential energy as well as kinetic energy.

A Boeing 737-800 with a mass of 85 tons flying at 35,000 ft has a potential energy of 9 Gigajoules. Flying at 400 kt its kinetic energy is 1.8 Gj.

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