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Originally Mercury was amalgamated with the zinc in carbon-zinc dry cell batteries because the zinc was contaminated with tiny iron granules. As the zinc corroded away in the electrochemical process of the battery producing electric current these iron granules would surface and become exposed to the electrolyte producing local shorted iron-zinc "batteries" that would cause the zinc to rapidly corrode through and the battery to leak electrolyte out its side through these holes. The mercury added to the zinc would envelope these iron granules, preventing them from contacting the electrolyte and thus greatly extending battery life.

When alkaline dry cell batteries replaced the original acid carbon-zinc dry cell batteries, as they were still using carbon and zinc electrodes mercury was still amalgamated with the zinc to extend battery life as the zinc was still contaminated with tiny iron granules.

However when it became a priority for dry cell companies to eliminate toxic materials like mercury from their batteries, the solution was to use more expensive high purity zinc with lower iron contamination levels so that less mercury would be needed. As the goal is to eventually completely eliminate all of the mercury, it will eventually be necessary for them to use zinc that is completely iron free.

An entirely different class of batteries, the mercuric oxide-zinc battery and the mercuric oxide-cadmium battery used mercuric oxide for one of the electrodes. Such batteries offered many advantages over carbon-zinc (both acid and alkaline versions) batteries and were widely used from 1942 until 1992 and were ultimately banned by 1996.

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Q: What batteries contain Mercury?
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Do batteries contain Mercury?

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