On Passover, leavened foods made from or containing any of the 5 grains (wheat, rye, barley, oats, and spelt) may be eaten, because of the prohibition against leavened foods in Passover (Exodus ch.12). This includes bread, pasta, cakes, pastries, crackers, pancakes, Pizza, cereal, etc.
Instead, unleavened bread, which is called matzah is eaten. Matzah may also be ground into different consistencies to cook with. Other foods such as fruits, vegetables, eggs, meat and fish, are permitted, following the year-round rules of keeping kosher.
Ashkenazi Jews have a custom which also prohibits grains such as rice and corn and legumes such as beans, lentils, and peanuts during Passover. The restriction applies to their use in all forms, so it prohibits the ingestion of products that use corn syrup such as candy or soda and many others. See:
Grain-products leavened with yeast or through other leavening processes.
There are no extra food prohibitions during Shabbat. The only issue is that new food cannot be cooked (though cooked food can be left on a flame from before the onset of Sabbath).
Jews cannot eat Non-Kosher food. They have to wear skull caps, if they are orthodox. We cannot write, use electricity, or drive, on The Sabbath. (The Sabbath is on Friday night, till Saturday night, the next day)
Christianity does not require the observance of the sabbath law. Christians are not party to the old covenant that requires sabbath observance.
There is no prohibition against eating kosher meat during Shabbat. The reverse is true; it's expected that meat be eaten during the two main Shabbat meals. On Passover, Jews cannot eat leavened bread (whereas they can at other times of the year). Shabbat does not mirror this. The same kosher rules for the rest of the week apply on Shabbat. Jews cannot eat pork on any day of the week and conversely, Jews can eat tuna or kosher meat on any day of the week.
Gefilte fish is eaten on Sabbath and Festivals throughout the year. It has no specific relevance to Passover.
Regardless of the day of the week, Jews eat only Kosher foods.
Jews eat food -- observant Jews attempt to keep the laws of kashrut by eating kosher food. When? Many Jews eat 3 meals a day with occasional snacks. Some skip breakfast.
Don't no
Mixing meat and dairy, and shellfish and pork are NOT considered healthy.
no they eat food native to their area
Yes, if Yom Kippur falls on Shabbat. However, during a regular Shabbat, fasting is a violation of celebrating the day. Instead, the Torah specifies that Jews are supposed to eat 3 delicious meals as part of celebrating Shabbat.
As an oppressed people, the Jews of Eastern Europe living in the shtetls were very poor, so they ate whatever they could afford. The only classic "staple" I can think of is that on the Sabbath (Saturday), they often had chulent. Chulent is a mixture of potatoes, meat, and beans (there are numerous recipes though) that is cooked for 24 hours. This is because Jews are not allowed to create fire on Sabbath (which would be needed to cook a meal on that day), so they came up with chulent, which is put in an already heated oven on Friday afternoon and left to cook slowly until it is eaten Saturday. This way, the Jews could have a warm meal without breaking the Sabbath.
In certain ways, they are similar. However, there are lots of key differences, like the belief in Jesus Christ! But, the similarities lie in the fact that they both observe the original Sabbath of God, and that they both use Kosher laws to choose what is clean and unclean to eat. The other similarities are the same that lie between any Christian denomination and Judaism