If it is for a recipe, you can use various flour substitutes that are available, including rice flour, various nut flours and corn flour if the individual is gluten free. For thickening things, cornstarch can be used.
It depends on what you are using the flour for. In a pinch you can grind up oatmeal or another grain in a food processor or blender.
cornstarch
You can use cake meal as a substitute for flour.
the best flour to use would be all-purpose flour.
yes you can adjust the water
Yes; To substitute cake flour with ap flour use 1 cup plus 2 tablespoons cake flour for every 1 cup of ap flour
A good substitute for corn flour if is being used for thickening, is potato starch. You can also use regular flour that has been mixed and cooked with a small amount of butter in a skillet beforehand.
No use both
You can substitute twice the amount of flour for the amount of cornstarch called for in most recipes. So you would use 6 tablespoons of flour, but use plain flour and not self rising.
You still use a cup of cake flour for 1 cup regular flour.
Teff can be used as a substitute for wheat. If you are making injera bread but teff flour is not available, you can use wheat flour, rice flour, or barley flour.
You use a regular bread recipe and substitute half of the flour with whole wheat flour.
You can use other types of flour. (White, wheat, bread, cake, ect.)
no because cornstarch is sweet and flour is sour. I believe you use about half the amount of cornstarch when subsituting for flour.