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Prior to the Crusades, there was no "unified Middle East government". The dominant countries in the Middle East were the Abbassid and Fatimid Caliphates, which were hereditary monarchies that ruled according to Sunni and Ismaili Shiite jurisprudence respectively.
Saudi Arabia is one
The Sahara is located in Africa and not in the Middle East. There are no Middle East countries covered by the Sahara.
There are countries in the Middle East that are not Arab, such as Iran, Turkey, and Israel.
syria
syria
Many countries by oil from the middle east. (70% of all countries) :)
Typically the United States State Department is involved in helping to coordinate Middle East Peace Negotiations. In most other countries, the equivalent division of government is the Foreign Ministry.
Two countries of the middle east are Israel and Iran.
There are some countries in the Middle East which are theocracies, like Iran and Saudi Arabia, but there are other countries which are less religiously-oriented. However, there is no Middle East country where the government is as non-religious or anti-religious as most Western European countries are today.To read about the different kinds of governments that operate in the Middle East please see this Related Question: What different kinds of governments are found in the Middle East?
Probably the best example of a federal government in the Middle East is the government of Iran. Iran is a federal state made up of numerous distinct provinces. There is a lot of legal interplay between the provinces and the government of the whole country.
Mostly the middle - East and a couple of people in erope and Chines government and North Korea. Most other countries like America.