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The last countries to free serfs (as opposed to slaves) were Tibet and Bhutan, in 1959. The last serfs freed in Europe were in Bosnia and Herzegovina, in 1918.
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What was the need to emancipate the surfs in Russia?
A complete revolution was needed to free the serfs of Russia. However, that freedom did not last long and ended up being worse for them.
How were serfs different from freemen?
Serfs were slaves tied to the land and lord and nothing would free them. Freemen were peasants who had bought their freedom.
Why did lords free their serfs?
The relationship between lords and serfs was not the same as the relationship between owners and slaves. The lords and the serfs had duties and obligations to each other. That being the case, there were times, such as when there were too many serfs for the lands the manor had, when it was in a lord's economic best interest to free serfs who wanted to be freed. Some of the serfs would be likely to want to leave and others want to stay and not have to deal with the insecurity of not having a place to live. At other times, such as after the Black Death, lords who did not have enough serfs would try to entice those of other lords away from them. In such a case they offered a better deal, which might have included their not being serfs any more. Serfs who wanted to could sometimes make themselves free by leaving the manor and staying away for over a year. Strangely enough this was the law in some places.
What did the declaration of emancipation?
set serfs free and gave them land
Was Russia the last European country to abolish serfdom?
It would possibly depend upon your definition of "Serfdom", but I believe the 1917 revolution and subsequent overthrow of the Tsar effectively ended Serfdom in Russia by any definition. The pre-revolutionary Russian economy was heavily dependent on free labour, which was augmented by exiled prisoner labour. Earlier attempts at freeing the Serfs during the Romanov Dynasty ended in unpleasantness and the Serfs not being freed.
Did serfs have last names?
No. In the Middle Ages many people did not have family names.
When a new lord took over a manor were the serfs were set free to farm as they pleased on their own fiefs?
Serfs did not have fiefs. They were bound to the soil and not allowed to leave it. The arrival of a new lord did not change this. Nevertheless, the serfs were largely free to farm as they pleased. The condition of the serfs was not slavery, but a different sort of thing governed by a sort of contract in which the serfs and the lords each had obligations to the other. The serfs had to pay rent in some form, labor, part of the crop, or money. For his part the lord had to provide a place to live, fields to farm, and protection in such difficult times as war or famine. The serfs were not allowed to leave the land, and the lords were not allowed to force them off of it. The serfs had reeves to organize them. The reeves were also serfs and were often elected by the serfs on a manor. The reeves decided how the serfs would be organized for their common labor, what fields would be tilled and what crops planted, and what parcels would go to which family for their own use.
How and why might the surf become free?
If you are refering to Russian serfdom. Russian serfs were free in the emacipation reform of 1861. Over 20 million serfs were given their freedom. They were also granted the right to get married with out haveing to seek consent.
Why did Marxism likely find a particular foothold in Russia and its politics?
Russia was the last European country to have serfs. Russia did not have any factory jobs. The people felt that Marxism would be better than what they had.
What semi-free population owed obligations to the lords whose land they cultivated?
Serfs
What semi free population owed obligations to the lords whose land they cultivated?
serfs
Medieval-serfs and peasents recreation in the mid ages?
most serfs had no free time. serfs usually planted crops worked on crafts.some were forced to sleep,some had more rights than others.played sports if allowed.some just made clothes.
