What did Shiites believe about the Umayyads?

Answer 1

the history if Islam shows that shiah has been annoyed by umayyads . from the begining Abusofian as father of muawyyah offend Muhammad and Ali and his followers ,

the banu umayya were one of the clans of the quraysh in makkah. they were the traditional enemies of the Banu Hashim - another clan of the Quraysh. When Muhammad, a member of the clan of Banu Hashim - declared that he was the Apostle of God, and called upon the Arabs to abandon their idolatry, and to believe in One God, the Umayyads opposed him, and they fought against him for twenty years.

But they failed. Their long and bitter struggle against Muhammad and Islam came to a humiliating end in A.D. 630 when he conquered Makkah. They had to concede defeat, and they "accepted" Islam.

The victory of Islam, however, kindled new fires of hatred in the hearts of the Banu Umayya against its guardians - Muhammad and Ali, as noted earlier. They were discreet enough to conceal their hatred of Muhammad but they made no attempt to conceal their hatred of Ali. It was Ali who had destroyed not only the visible emblems of the religion of the Umayyads but also had struck the death blow to their privileges. But they soon showed that they might be down but they were not out.

after the death of ali his son Hasan in Ali who is recognized by the shiah as their second imam became caliph.this designation occurred in accordance with Ali 's last will and also by allegiance of the community to Hasan . but Mu awiyah not remain quiet before this event.he finally gained control of caliphate in unjust manner. Yazid the son of mu awiyyh is one who killed immam hosain third imam og shiah and also other shiah imams offened and anooyed by umayyads .because of such a unjust manner ,shiah already dislike umayyads.

They, therefore, marked time for thirty years - until A.D. 661 - when they were, at last, able to capture the long-sought prize - the caliphate of the Muslims. The Banu Umayya were the most rabid of all the enemies of Islam. Their success in capturing the caliphate of the Muslims, therefore, has evoked much surprise among historians. Following are the observations of some of them on this paradox in the history of the Muslims.

Answer 2

History of the Shi'ites

The Islamic religion was founded by Muhammed in the seventh century. In 622 he founded the first Islamic state, a theocracy in Medina, a city in western Saudi Arabia located north of Mecca.
There are two major branches of the religion he founded.

The largest group, called the Sunnis believe that the first four caliphs--Muhammed's successors--rightfully took his place as the leaders of Islam. They recognize the heirs of the four caliphs as legitimate religious leaders. These heirs ruled continuously in the Arab world until the break-up of the Ottoman Empire following the end of the First World War.

The smaller of the major groups are the Shi'ites. There are a number of subdivisions under the 'umbrella' of 'Shi'a' and although they differ in the details all of them believe that only the heirs of the fourth caliph, Ali, are the legitimate successors of Muhammed.

The Shi'ites call these successors Imams. Shi'ites do not accept that the Imam is to be only a political leader but they believe that they are literally 'manifestations of God', they are sinless, infallible and the bringers of true understanding to all humanity. They are referred to within the Shi'ite tradition as being masum, that is, free from error or sin.

The last Imam, the Mahdi, is believed not to have died but to be in hiding and Shi'ites believe that he will appear at the end of time in order to bring about the victory of the Shi'a faith (see third paragraph below).

The main groups under the Shi'ite umbrella are the Zaydiyyah or Fivers, the Isma'iliyyah or Seveners and the Imamiyyah or Twelvers. The numbers five, seven and twelve refer to the last authorised interpreter of the law or Imam that each group accepts. Of the three the Twelvers are the biggest & it was in 931 that the Twelfth Imam disappeared.

This was a seminal event in the history of these Shi'ite Muslims. According to R. Scott Appleby, a professor of history at the University of Notre Dame, "Shi'ite Muslims, who are concentrated in Iran, Iraq, and Lebanon, [believe they] had suffered the loss of divinely guided political leadership" at the time of the Imam's disappearance. Not "until the ascendancy of Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini in 1978" did they believe that they had once again begun to live under the authority of a legitimate religious figure.

The other important concept in Shi'ite Islam concerning the Imam (regardless of whether he was the Fifth, the Seventh or the Twelfth) is that he will return. He is called the Mahdi and will bring about the Kingdom of God on earth after an apocalyptic battle between the forces of Islam and the rest of the world. [Note that other groups descended from Shi'ia Islam such as the Babis and Baha'is define the 'battle at the end of time' as a symbolic or metaphysical one rather than an actual battle.]

A useful site for information on the various groups is the Overview of World Religions site hosted by St Martin's College in the UK.

http://philtar.ucsm.ac.uk/encyclopedia/islam/shia/index.html

Answer 3

Answer 1

They Believed that they should pray more because of theirreligion.

Answer 2

According to the Shiites, the Umayyads were improper rulers to start with because they were not from Ahl Al-Bayt (Mohammed's family). Additionally, Mu'awiya I and Yazid I, the first two Umayyad Caliphs opposed rightful inheritors of power from Ahl Al-Bayt. Mu'awiya raised a rebellion against the Caliphate of 'Ali (who was Ahl Al-Bayt) and had 'Ali's son Hassan murdered. Yazid marched on Hussein, 'Ali's one remaining son, and wiped out his family. This cruelty and barbarity colored their view of the Umayyads and made them reprehensible in their view in addition to them being improper as a formality.

In the Shiite view, the Umayyads should have stepped down and appointed a proper successor to rule the Caliphate. They should also have submitted themselves to punishment and possible execution for the way that they treated 'Ali and his children.